Localize campaign

01What is it?
Full campaign localization across multiple target markets. This command takes all campaign assets, emails, ads, social posts, landing pages, video scripts, push notifications, and adapts them for each target market. What sets it apart is how it narrows localize campaign into one specific workflow rather than a broad, generic prompt.
02Inputs
Context the agent needs: your goals, audience, constraints, and any source material the skill asks for.
03Output
A ready-to-use result: the analysis, copy, or recommendations the agent produces.
Install-only

Install as a package

Installs this one skill package for your coding agent, including any supporting files that skill ships with — not every skill in the repository. Read the tutorial.

Terminal
$ npx skills add indranilbanerjee/digital-marketing-pro --skill localize-campaign

Skill instructions

The instruction file for this skill. The skill also includes other files you need to install to use it.

SKILL.md

/digital-marketing-pro:localize-campaign

Purpose

Full campaign localization across multiple target markets. This command takes all campaign assets — emails, ads, social posts, landing pages, video scripts, push notifications — and adapts them for each target market. It goes far beyond translation: cultural references are adjusted, compliance elements are modified per region, SEO is localized, creative recommendations are adapted, and assets are prepared for multilingual publishing.

This is the comprehensive localization workflow for market expansion. Where /digital-marketing-pro:translate-content handles a single piece of content, /digital-marketing-pro:localize-campaign orchestrates the localization of an entire campaign across multiple markets simultaneously. It coordinates translation service routing per language, transcreation for emotional content, market-specific compliance additions, cultural adaptation based on Hofstede cultural dimensions, localized SEO, RTL formatting for applicable languages, and produces a deployment-ready package per market with quality scores and publishing checklists.

Input Required

The user must provide (or will be prompted for):

  • Campaign assets: Content for localization, provided as:
    • File paths per asset type (e.g., "emails: /campaign/email-welcome.html, /campaign/email-follow-up.html; ads: /campaign/fb-ad.txt, /campaign/google-ad.txt; social: /campaign/ig-post.txt")
    • A campaign directory (e.g., "/campaign-q1/") — all files will be categorized by type based on naming conventions or metadata
    • Inline content blocks with asset type labels
  • Target markets: One or more market codes in language-region format (e.g., hi-IN, de-DE, ja-JP, fr-FR, ar-SA, pt-BR, es-MX). Each code specifies both the language and the cultural/regulatory context
  • Campaign brief or strategy document: Optional — provides campaign objectives, messaging hierarchy, key themes, and audience segments. Used to inform transcreation decisions and ensure localized versions maintain strategic alignment
  • Market-specific compliance requirements: Optional — additional regulatory, legal, or industry requirements per market beyond what is already in the brand profile (e.g., "Germany requires Impressum link", "India requires MRP display", "Saudi Arabia prohibits alcohol imagery references")
  • Budget allocation per market: Optional — if provided, influences prioritization (higher-budget markets get full transcreation and deeper cultural adaptation; lower-budget markets get quality translation with standard adaptation)
  • Priority markets: Optional — markets to process first and with the most thorough adaptation. Other markets receive standard localization
  • Asset priority: Optional — which asset types are most important (e.g., "landing pages are highest priority, social posts are secondary"). Affects depth of review and transcreation effort

Process

  1. Load brand context: Read ~/.claude-marketing/brands/_active-brand.json for the active slug, then load ~/.claude-marketing/brands/{slug}/profile.json. Extract full language configuration — do_not_translate terms, translation_preferences, locale_formatting rules per market, approved markets list. Load compliance rules for every target market from skills/context-engine/compliance-rules.md. Check for guidelines at ~/.claude-marketing/brands/{slug}/guidelines/_manifest.json — if present, load voice-and-tone rules, messaging hierarchy, channel style guides, and any market-specific brand guidelines. Check for custom templates at ~/.claude-marketing/brands/{slug}/templates/ — localized templates may already exist for some markets. Check for agency SOPs at ~/.claude-marketing/sops/. If no brand exists, ask: "Set up a brand first (/digital-marketing-pro:brand-setup)?" — or proceed with defaults.
  2. Inventory all campaign assets: Enumerate every asset from the provided sources. Categorize each by type (email, ad, social post, landing page, video script, push notification, SMS, blog post). For each asset, analyze the content to classify it as:
    • Factual/informational: Product descriptions, specifications, terms, pricing — suitable for direct translation
    • Emotional/creative: Headlines, CTAs, slogans, hero copy, storytelling — requires transcreation
    • Compliance-sensitive: Disclaimers, consent language, legal text, privacy notices — requires market-specific adaptation
    • SEO-dependent: Landing pages, blog posts, meta content — requires localized keyword research Report the full inventory to the user: total asset count, breakdown by type, breakdown by content classification, and estimated processing scope per market.
  3. For each target market, execute the following localization pipeline: a. Route translation service: Run python "${CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT}/scripts/language-router.py" --action route --source "{source_lang}" --target "{market_lang}" to select the optimal translation service for this language pair. Log the selected service. b. Translate factual content: Process all factual/informational assets through the routed translation service via the appropriate MCP server (deepl, sarvam-ai, google-cloud-translation, or lara-translate). Pass do-not-translate terms, glossary entries, formality settings, and formatting preservation flags. Score each translation via python "${CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT}/scripts/language-router.py" --action score. c. Transcreate emotional content: For all emotional/creative assets, apply the transcreation methodology from skills/context-engine/transcreation-framework.md. Produce 2-3 creative adaptation options per piece, each with:
    • The adapted content in the target language
    • Back-translation for review
    • Intent-preservation score
    • Cultural fit assessment for this specific market
    • Tone alignment with the original Mark the recommended option but preserve all alternatives for client review. d. Adapt cultural elements: Reference the cultural dimension mapping in skills/context-engine/multilingual-execution-guide.md (Hofstede framework) to adapt:
    • Social proof style: Testimonials (individualist markets) vs. community endorsements (collectivist markets) vs. authority citations (high power-distance markets)
    • Urgency tactics: Direct scarcity (Western markets) vs. relationship-based urgency (Asian markets) vs. group-benefit urgency (collectivist markets)
    • Trust signals: Certifications and data (Germanic markets) vs. relationship and reputation (Asian markets) vs. authority endorsement (Middle Eastern markets)
    • Visual/imagery recommendations: Color associations, gesture meanings, modesty considerations, seasonal references per market
    • Humor and tone: Adjust or remove humor that does not translate culturally; adapt tone to match market expectations for formality e. Localize compliance: For each market, add or modify:
    • Market-specific disclaimers and legal notices
    • Data consent and privacy language per regional regulation (GDPR for EU, DPDPA for India, PIPA for Japan, LGPD for Brazil, etc.)
    • Industry-specific regulatory statements
    • Required disclosures (pricing, advertising standards, influencer disclosure)
    • User-provided market-specific compliance requirements Reference skills/context-engine/compliance-rules.md for the regulatory framework per market. f. Localize SEO (for landing pages, blog posts, and web content): Provide localized keyword suggestions based on the original keyword targets, generate hreflang tag specifications for multi-language site setup, create localized meta titles and meta descriptions, and adapt URL slug recommendations for the target language. g. Adjust formatting: Apply locale-specific formatting:
    • RTL text direction for Arabic (ar), Hebrew (he), Urdu (ur), Persian (fa) — flag any layout elements that need RTL adaptation
    • Date formats per locale (DD/MM/YYYY vs. MM/DD/YYYY vs. YYYY-MM-DD)
    • Number formatting (decimal separators, thousands separators)
    • Currency symbols and positioning
    • Measurement units (metric vs. imperial)
    • Phone number formats with country codes
    • Address format conventions
  4. Score each localized asset: Run python "${CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT}/scripts/language-router.py" --action score on every translated/transcreated asset to assess translation quality (length ratio, formatting preservation, key term consistency, placeholder integrity, completeness).
  5. Evaluate localized content quality: Run python "${CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT}/scripts/eval-runner.py" --brand {slug} --action run-quick --text "{localized_content}" --content-type "{type}" on each localized asset to assess overall content quality in the target language. This catches issues beyond translation accuracy — readability, persuasion, brand alignment in the target language.
  6. Run brand voice check: Execute python "${CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT}/scripts/brand-voice-scorer.py" --brand {slug} --text "{localized_content}" on key assets (headlines, hero copy, email subject lines) to verify brand voice preservation across languages.
  7. Create per-market delivery package: For each target market, assemble:
    • All localized assets organized by type
    • Translation quality scores per asset
    • Content quality scores per asset
    • Transcreation options for emotional content (with recommended option marked)
    • Cultural adaptation notes explaining what was changed and why
    • Compliance additions with regulatory references
    • SEO recommendations (keywords, hreflang, meta content)
    • Formatting notes (RTL flags, date/number/currency formats applied)
    • Deployment checklist specific to this market
  8. Generate cross-market consistency report: Verify that core brand messaging, campaign themes, and value propositions remain consistent across all localized versions. Flag any market where the localized messaging diverges significantly from the campaign strategy. Check that do-not-translate terms are consistently preserved across all markets. Verify that visual/imagery recommendations are consistent where appropriate and diverge where culturally necessary.
  9. Produce localization summary: Compile the full overview — all markets, all assets, all scores, all flags — into a single summary document with a quality scoreboard (markets as rows, assets as columns, scores in cells) and an overall campaign localization health score.

Output

A comprehensive campaign localization package containing:

  • Per-market asset package: For each target market:
    • All localized content organized by asset type (email, ad, social, landing page, etc.)
    • Translation quality score per asset with dimension breakdown
    • Content quality score per asset (eval-runner assessment)
    • Brand voice score for key assets
  • Transcreation options: For all emotional/creative content across all markets — 2-3 options per piece with back-translations, intent-preservation scores, cultural fit notes, and recommended option marked
  • Cultural adaptation notes: Per-market summary of what was adapted and why — social proof style, urgency tactics, trust signals, humor adjustments, imagery recommendations, with Hofstede dimension references
  • Compliance additions per market: Every disclaimer, consent statement, regulatory notice, and required disclosure added for each market, with regulatory references (GDPR Article X, DPDPA Section Y, etc.)
  • Localized SEO recommendations: Per-market keyword suggestions, hreflang tag specifications, localized meta titles and descriptions, URL slug recommendations
  • RTL and formatting notes: For applicable markets — RTL layout flags, date/number/currency format specifications, measurement unit conversions, address and phone format conventions
  • Cross-market consistency report: Verification that brand messaging, campaign themes, and value propositions are coherent across all markets, with flags for significant divergences
  • Quality scoreboard: Matrix of all markets (rows) by all assets (columns) with translation quality scores, content quality scores, and overall grades — provides an at-a-glance view of campaign localization health
  • Deployment checklist per market: Market-specific steps for publishing — platform settings, language targeting, geo-targeting, compliance approvals needed, QA review points, go-live sequence
  • Campaign localization health score: Single aggregate score reflecting overall localization quality, consistency, and completeness across all markets
  • Recommendations: Priority items for human review (low-scoring assets, culturally sensitive transcreation decisions, compliance items requiring legal sign-off), process improvements for future localization runs, and terms to add to the brand glossary

Agents Used

  • localization-specialist -- Manages the end-to-end localization pipeline including translation service routing, transcreation execution, cultural adaptation using Hofstede dimensions, compliance localization, quality scoring, cross-market consistency verification, and per-market package assembly
  • content-creator -- Generates transcreation options for emotional and creative content, produces culturally adapted headlines and CTAs, creates localized meta descriptions and SEO copy, and ensures marketing effectiveness is preserved across languages
  • execution-coordinator -- Coordinates the multi-market publishing workflow, manages deployment checklists, sequences go-live across markets and channels, tracks approval status per market, and ensures all compliance sign-offs are obtained before publishing

Supporting file: skills/context-engine/compliance-rules.md

Compliance Rules Reference

This file is the canonical compliance ruleset for the Digital Marketing Pro plugin. All marketing modules MUST check outputs against these rules before delivery. Rules are structured for programmatic consumption by the context engine.


Section 1: Geographic Privacy Laws

1.1 EU/EEA — General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

FieldDetail
RegionEuropean Union / European Economic Area (27 EU member states + Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway)
LawGeneral Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
Year Enacted2016 (enforced May 25, 2018)
Consent ModelOpt-in. Explicit, informed, freely given, specific, and unambiguous consent required before processing personal data. Consent must be as easy to withdraw as to give. Legitimate interest may apply in narrow B2B contexts but requires a documented balancing test.
Email RulesPrior opt-in required for all marketing emails. Soft opt-in exception: existing customers may be emailed about similar products/services if given an easy opt-out at collection and in every message. Every email must include sender identity, physical address, and a functional unsubscribe mechanism honored within 30 days.
Cookie/Tracking RulesPrior consent required for all non-essential cookies and trackers (ePrivacy Directive). Cookie banners must allow granular choice (accept/reject by category). Pre-ticked boxes are invalid. Analytics cookies require consent unless strictly necessary. Server-side tracking of personal data still requires a lawful basis.
Penalty RangeUp to EUR 20 million or 4% of global annual turnover, whichever is higher. Supervisory authorities may also issue warnings, bans on processing, and orders to erase data.
Key Marketing ImpactDouble opt-in is industry standard. All lead forms need clear consent checkboxes (not bundled). Data Processing Agreements required with every martech vendor. Privacy policy must disclose all data recipients. Cross-border data transfers require adequacy decisions, SCCs, or BCRs. Right to erasure means suppression lists must be maintained. Profiling for ad targeting requires explicit consent or legitimate interest with opt-out.

1.1b EU/EEA — AI Act Article 50 (Generative AI Disclosure)

FieldDetail
RegionEuropean Union / European Economic Area
LawRegulation (EU) 2024/1689 — Artificial Intelligence Act, Article 50 (Transparency obligations for providers and deployers of certain AI systems)
Applicable2 August 2026 (transparency obligations); general-purpose AI obligations applied 2 Aug 2025; high-risk system obligations 2 Aug 2027
ScopeAll generative-AI outputs distributed in EU markets — no minimum spend threshold, advertising not exempted. Both providers (AI developers) and deployers (advertisers, brands) bear obligations.
Disclosure Requirements(a) AI-generated or AI-manipulated content must be marked in a machine-readable format using open, interoperable standards. C2PA (Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity) is the emerging backbone. Marking must be technically robust and survive routine processing. (b) Deepfakes (synthetic audio/image/video resembling real persons, objects, places, or events) must be visibly disclosed. (c) AI-generated text on matters of public interest must be disclosed unless human-reviewed and the brand assumes editorial responsibility.
Carve-outsGenuine artistic, satirical, or fictional works are narrowly exempt — applies in limited cases and does not blanket-exempt marketing.
Penalty RangeUp to EUR 15 million or 3% of global annual turnover, whichever is higher (transparency obligations). High-risk system breaches up to EUR 35M or 7%.
Key Marketing ImpactAny AI-generated ad creative, social image, AI-narrated video, or AI-written long-form copy distributed in the EU must carry machine-readable provenance metadata. Use /digital-marketing-pro:c2pa-metadata to embed a C2PA manifest in any AI-generated image / video / audio / PDF before EU publication. Deepfakes need an additional visible disclosure overlay or audio cue. AI-written editorial pieces need an "AI-assisted" byline unless the human editor assumes full editorial accountability. The pre-publish gate (/digital-marketing-pro:check) verifies C2PA presence on AI-flagged assets in EU-targeted campaigns.

1.1b.i — Article 50 draft implementing guidelines (May 2026)

The European Commission published draft implementing guidelines for Article 50 on 8 May 2026. The draft is open for public consultation until 3 June 2026; final guidelines are expected July 2026, ahead of the 2 August 2026 enforcement date. The draft clarifies the following points that brands should treat as the working interpretation today:

TopicDraft guidance (May 2026)What this means for marketing
"Substantial AI manipulation"Defined as any AI-driven change that alters meaning, identity, or factual claims of a real person, object, place, or event. Routine colour correction, framing, denoising are NOT in scope.A subject-replacement image swap = substantial manipulation (disclosure). A Lightroom-style retouch = not.
"Matters of public interest"Includes health, elections, finance, government services, public safety, and any topic where a reasonable consumer expects journalistic accuracy. Marketing copy itself is generally not in scope UNLESS it crosses into one of those topics (e.g., health claims, financial product claims).Generic product copy = no AI disclosure required. AI-generated copy making health, financial, or political claims = disclosure required unless a human editor signs off.
Machine-readable markingC2PA Content Credentials are explicitly named as a "presumption of compliance" pathway. Alternative open-standard markings allowed if technically equivalent.Continue using C2PA via /digital-marketing-pro:c2pa-metadata. Brands that ship without C2PA must show equivalent provenance — substantially more work.
Deepfake visible disclosureVisible label, watermark, or audio cue must be perceivable at normal viewing/listening distance. Hidden corner overlays in a tiny font are explicitly insufficient.If you produce a synthetic-talent ad or AI-cloned voice ad for the EU market, the disclosure must be visible from any normal viewing distance.
Editorial-responsibility carve-outHuman reviewer must (a) be identifiable, (b) have authority to alter or reject the AI output, (c) have a documented review record. A pure rubber-stamp does not satisfy the carve-out.ContentForge's Phase 7 reviewer scorecard satisfies (c) but a named human editor must still sign off and that name must be on the published piece (byline, masthead, or accessible "About this article" link).
Enforcement priorityNational regulators are expected to prioritise (1) deepfakes, (2) AI-generated political/health content, (3) AI-generated content marketed without any provenance metadata at all. Routine commercial creative with C2PA is low priority.Brands using C2PA across EU-distributed AI assets are in a strong defensive posture even before final guidelines land.

Action items for brands with EU exposure before 2 August 2026:

  1. Audit your EU AI-asset inventory now. Catalogue any AI-generated image, video, audio, deepfake-style synthetic content, and AI-written long-form copy distributed to EU users in the last 12 months. Identify which carry C2PA and which don't.
  2. File a consultation comment by 3 June 2026 if Article 50 will materially affect your operations. The Commission has explicitly asked for industry input on the "substantial manipulation" boundary and the carve-out scope. Brands in regulated sectors (health, finance, automotive, political adjacencies) should weigh in.
  3. Lock in your C2PA signing-cert procurement. See docs/c2pa-production-cert-guide.md for the four recognised authorities. Allow 2–4 weeks for Adobe Content Credentials approval — start no later than 1 July 2026.
  4. Update your Definition of Done. Any creative produced after 1 July 2026 for EU distribution should be C2PA-signed at production time, not retrofitted at publish time. The pre-publish gate (/digital-marketing-pro:check) blocks unsigned AI assets for EU-targeted campaigns.
  5. Treat the carve-out as conditional, not a free pass. "Human-reviewed" requires named accountability. Don't claim editorial responsibility unless a named editor is willing to be on the record.

1.2 United States Federal — CAN-SPAM Act

FieldDetail
RegionUnited States (federal)
LawControlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act (CAN-SPAM)
Year Enacted2003 (effective January 1, 2004; amended 2008)
Consent ModelOpt-out. No prior consent required to send commercial email. Recipients must be given a clear way to opt out, and opt-out requests must be honored within 10 business days.
Email RulesNo deceptive subject lines. "From" and "Reply-To" must accurately identify the sender. Every commercial email must include: a clear identification as an advertisement (if applicable), the sender's valid physical postal address, and a conspicuous opt-out mechanism. Purchased lists are legal but opt-out obligations still apply. Transactional emails are exempt if their primary purpose is transactional.
Cookie/Tracking RulesNo federal cookie consent law. Tracking pixels in email are legal. The FTC enforces against deceptive tracking practices under Section 5 of the FTC Act.
Penalty RangeUp to $51,744 per violation (per email). ISPs and state attorneys general may also bring actions.
Key Marketing ImpactLower bar than GDPR but strict on opt-out honoring. Affiliate and partner emails count — the brand whose product is promoted is liable. "Sender" definition includes the entity whose product is advertised. Suppression list management is critical. Header manipulation is a criminal offense.

1.3 California — CCPA / CPRA

FieldDetail
RegionCalifornia, United States
LawCalifornia Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA, 2018) as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA, 2020; fully operative January 1, 2023)
Year EnactedCCPA: 2018. CPRA amendment: 2020 (enforced 2023).
Consent ModelOpt-out for sale/sharing of personal information. Opt-in required for consumers under 16 (under 13 requires parental consent). "Sharing" includes cross-context behavioral advertising.
Email RulesCAN-SPAM governs email. CCPA/CPRA layer on top: consumers can opt out of the "sale" or "sharing" of personal information used for email targeting and personalization. Honoring Global Privacy Control (GPC) signals is required.
Cookie/Tracking RulesThird-party cookies and ad pixels that share data with ad platforms constitute "sharing" under CPRA. A "Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information" link must be on the website. GPC browser signals must be honored as a valid opt-out.
Penalty Range$2,500 per unintentional violation; $7,500 per intentional violation. Private right of action for data breaches ($100–$750 per consumer per incident). Enforced by the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA).
Key Marketing ImpactRetargeting audiences using third-party data requires opt-out mechanism. Service provider agreements needed with all martech vendors. 12-month lookback on data collection disclosures. "Sensitive personal information" (e.g., geolocation, race, health) triggers additional restrictions — limit use to what is necessary.

1.4 US State Privacy Laws (Multi-State Summary)

FieldDetail
RegionUnited States — 20+ states with enacted comprehensive privacy laws
LawsVirginia (VCDPA, 2023), Colorado (CPA, 2023), Connecticut (CTDPA, 2023), Utah (UCPA, 2023), Iowa (ICDPA, 2025), Indiana (ICDPA, 2026), Tennessee (TIPA, 2025), Montana (MCDPA, 2024), Texas (TDPSA, 2024), Oregon (OCPA, 2024), Delaware (DPDPA, 2025), New Hampshire (SB 255, 2025), New Jersey (SB 332, 2025), Nebraska (NDPA, 2025), Maryland (MODPA, 2025), Minnesota (MCDPA, 2025), Rhode Island (RIDPA, 2026), Kentucky (KCDPA, 2026), Vermont (VDPA, 2025), and others pending.
Year EnactedRolling: 2021–2026. Most operative between 2023–2026.
Consent ModelGenerally opt-out for sale of data and targeted advertising. Opt-in for sensitive data processing. Most follow the VCDPA template. Maryland and Minnesota are more restrictive (closer to GDPR's data minimization standard).
Email RulesDefer to CAN-SPAM federally. State laws add data rights (access, deletion, correction, portability) that affect CRM and email list management.
Cookie/Tracking RulesMost require opt-out rights for targeted advertising (which implicates ad cookies and pixels). Universal opt-out mechanisms (like GPC) are mandated in Colorado, Connecticut, Texas, Montana, Oregon, Delaware, and others.
Penalty RangeTypically $7,500–$10,000 per violation. Most enforced by the state Attorney General. Few have private rights of action. Cure periods (30–60 days) are common in early-enacted laws but are being removed in newer laws.
Key Marketing ImpactTreat the US as a patchwork. The safest approach is to build to the most restrictive standard (currently Maryland or CPRA) and apply nationally. Universal opt-out signal support is becoming table stakes. Data mapping is essential to know which state laws apply to which consumers.

1.5 Canada — CASL

FieldDetail
RegionCanada
LawCanada's Anti-Spam Legislation (CASL)
Year Enacted2014
Consent ModelOpt-in. Express consent required for commercial electronic messages (CEMs). Implied consent exists in limited cases: existing business relationship (within 2 years of purchase, 6 months of inquiry), conspicuous publication of address (if relevant to role), or disclosure via referral.
Email RulesEvery CEM must include: sender identification, contact information (physical and digital), and a functional unsubscribe mechanism processed within 10 business days. Consent records must be retained with proof of how and when consent was obtained. Consent requests themselves cannot contain marketing.
Cookie/Tracking RulesCASL requires consent for installation of programs on devices. Cookie consent is governed by PIPEDA (federal privacy law) — implied consent may suffice for functional/analytics cookies, but tracking for ad targeting should use express consent.
Penalty RangeUp to CAD $10 million per violation (individuals: $1 million). CRTC enforces. Private right of action was enacted but enforcement is through administrative monetary penalties.
Key Marketing ImpactOne of the strictest email laws globally. Implied consent windows are short — CRM must track consent expiry. "Conspicuous publication" is narrow and does not cover scraping. B2B cold outreach is heavily restricted. Referral/tell-a-friend programs require careful structuring.

1.6 Brazil — LGPD

FieldDetail
RegionBrazil
LawLei Geral de Protecao de Dados (LGPD)
Year Enacted2018 (enforced September 2020; penalties from August 2021)
Consent ModelOpt-in. Consent must be free, informed, and unambiguous for a specific purpose. Legitimate interest is available as an alternative basis but requires a Legitimate Interest Assessment (LIA).
Email RulesConsent or legitimate interest required. Unsubscribe must be easy and immediate. Data subjects have rights to access, correction, deletion, and portability. Marketing communications must identify the sender and purpose.
Cookie/Tracking RulesANPD (National Data Protection Authority) guidance requires consent for non-essential cookies. Cookie banners with accept/reject options are standard practice.
Penalty RangeUp to 2% of revenue in Brazil, capped at BRL 50 million (~USD 10 million) per violation. ANPD may also issue warnings, publicize violations, and block or delete data.
Key Marketing ImpactSimilar structure to GDPR but with a revenue cap specific to Brazilian operations. Data Protection Officer (DPO) appointment is mandatory. Cross-border transfers require adequacy, contractual safeguards, or consent. Portuguese-language privacy notices required.

1.7 United Kingdom — UK GDPR + PECR

FieldDetail
RegionUnited Kingdom
LawUK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR) + Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations (PECR)
Year EnactedUK GDPR: 2018 (retained post-Brexit, 2021). PECR: 2003.
Consent ModelOpt-in for marketing. PECR requires prior consent for unsolicited marketing emails to individuals. Soft opt-in exception (similar to EU): existing customers can be emailed about similar products if opt-out was offered at collection and in each message. B2B exception: corporate email addresses (e.g., info@company.com (mailto:info@company.com)) may be contacted without prior consent under PECR, but UK GDPR still requires a lawful basis.
Email RulesSame structural requirements as GDPR: sender identity, physical address, unsubscribe. ICO enforces. Unsolicited B2C email without consent is a PECR violation.
Cookie/Tracking RulesPECR requires prior consent for non-essential cookies. ICO has signaled stricter enforcement. Legitimate interest is not a valid basis for ad cookies under PECR.
Penalty RangeUK GDPR: up to GBP 17.5 million or 4% of global turnover. PECR: up to GBP 500,000. ICO enforcement.
Key Marketing ImpactPost-Brexit, UK adequacy decision from the EU allows data flows, but this is subject to review. Data Protection Impact Assessments required for high-risk processing (profiling, large-scale marketing). ICO publishes direct marketing guidance — treat as binding. International transfers require UK-specific transfer mechanisms (UK SCCs, IDTA).

1.8 Australia — Privacy Act + Spam Act

FieldDetail
RegionAustralia
LawPrivacy Act 1988 (Australian Privacy Principles) + Spam Act 2003
Year EnactedPrivacy Act: 1988 (APPs added 2014). Spam Act: 2003.
Consent ModelOpt-in under the Spam Act for commercial electronic messages. Consent can be express or inferred (from an existing business relationship or conspicuous publication). The Privacy Act uses a "reasonable expectation" standard for use of personal information.
Email RulesSpam Act requires: consent (express or inferred), accurate sender identification, functional unsubscribe honored within 5 business days. Address harvesting and list selling are prohibited.
Cookie/Tracking RulesNo specific cookie consent law currently. The Privacy Act requires transparency about data collection. The government's Privacy Act Review (2023–2025) is expected to introduce stronger consent requirements for tracking — monitor for changes.
Penalty RangeSpam Act: up to AUD 2.22 million per day for body corporates. Privacy Act: up to AUD 50 million, 3x the benefit obtained, or 30% of adjusted turnover (whichever is greater) following 2022 amendments. ACMA and OAIC enforce.
Key Marketing ImpactSpam Act prohibits address harvesting software and purchased scraped lists. Inferred consent from business relationships is relatively broad but must be documented. The Privacy Act's 2022 penalty increase makes Australia a high-consequence jurisdiction. Cross-border disclosure to overseas recipients requires reasonable steps to ensure compliance.

1.9 Singapore — PDPA

FieldDetail
RegionSingapore
LawPersonal Data Protection Act (PDPA)
Year Enacted2012 (significant amendments 2021)
Consent ModelOpt-in for marketing. Deemed consent applies in limited situations (e.g., voluntarily providing data for a clear purpose). 2021 amendments added "legitimate interest" and "business improvement" exceptions.
Email RulesDo Not Call (DNC) Registry: mandatory to check before sending marketing messages to Singapore numbers/addresses. Opt-out must be free and processed within 10 business days. Sender must be identified.
Cookie/Tracking RulesNo specific cookie consent law. PDPA's consent obligation applies if cookies collect personal data. PDPC advisory guidelines recommend transparency and consent for tracking.
Penalty RangeUp to SGD 1 million or 10% of annual turnover in Singapore (whichever is higher, following 2021 amendments). PDPC enforces.
Key Marketing ImpactDNC Registry check is mandatory and unique to Singapore — scrub all contact lists. Data breach notification mandatory within 3 days. Data Protection Officers must be appointed. Consent withdrawal must be easy. Cross-border transfers require comparable protection.

1.10 China — PIPL

FieldDetail
RegionPeople's Republic of China
LawPersonal Information Protection Law (PIPL)
Year Enacted2021 (effective November 1, 2021)
Consent ModelOpt-in. Separate consent required for: sensitive personal information, cross-border transfers, public disclosure, and processing by third parties. Consent must be informed, voluntary, and explicit.
Email RulesMarketing requires consent. Individuals have the right to refuse and withdraw. All processing purposes must be disclosed. No specific email-format statute like CAN-SPAM, but general consent and transparency obligations apply.
Cookie/Tracking RulesConsent required for collection of personal information via cookies and trackers. Automated decision-making (algorithmic recommendations, targeted ads) must offer an opt-out and a non-personalized alternative.
Penalty RangeUp to RMB 50 million (~USD 7 million) or 5% of prior year's revenue. Responsible individuals can be fined up to RMB 1 million and banned from serving as directors/officers. CAC (Cyberspace Administration of China) enforces.
Key Marketing ImpactData localization: personal information of Chinese residents must be stored in China unless a security assessment, standard contract, or certification is completed for cross-border transfer. Separate consent for each purpose. Personal Information Protection Impact Assessments required for sensitive data, automated decision-making, and cross-border transfers. Local DPO or representative required if processing from outside China.

1.11 India — DPDPA

FieldDetail
RegionIndia
LawDigital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDPA) 2023, operationalised by the Digital Personal Data Protection Rules 2025 (notified by MeitY 3 Jan 2025; phased commencement through 2025-2026).
Year Enacted2023 (Rules 2025 finalised; consult MeitY notification for the phase-by-phase commencement schedule before designing for India).
Consent ModelOpt-in. Consent must be free, specific, informed, unconditional, and unambiguous, and must be requested in clear, plain language. Notice must accompany or precede the consent request (Rule 3). "Deemed consent" was removed in the 2023 Act and replaced with "Certain Legitimate Uses" (Section 7) — narrower than the 2022 draft.
Email RulesMarketing requires verifiable consent. Withdrawal must be as easy as giving consent. The Consent Manager framework (registered entities that intermediate consent on behalf of Data Principals) is now live under Rule 4 — Data Fiduciaries handling material volumes should integrate with at least one registered Consent Manager.
Cookie/Tracking RulesCookie / SDK-based tracking that identifies a Data Principal is processing of personal data and requires DPDPA-compliant consent. The Rules do not carve out cookies; rely on the general processing-with-consent obligation. EU-style banner UX is the safest pattern.
Penalty RangeUp to INR 250 crore (~USD 30 million) per instance of non-compliance. No percentage-of-revenue calculation. The Data Protection Board of India (constituted under Rule 16 et seq) enforces and adjudicates.
Key Marketing ImpactChildren's data (under 18) requires verifiable parental consent, and the Act prohibits targeted advertising and behavioural tracking directed at children — design age-gating and parental-consent flows before launching India campaigns to under-18 audiences. Cross-border transfers are permitted by default; Government may notify restricted countries by gazette (none broadly restricted as of May 2026 — verify before launch). Significant Data Fiduciaries (designated by the Government based on volume / sensitivity / risk) carry additional obligations: appoint an India-resident Data Protection Officer, conduct annual Data Protection Impact Assessments, and undergo periodic audits. Breach notification to the Board and affected Data Principals is mandatory without delay (Rule 7).

1.12 Japan — APPI

FieldDetail
RegionJapan
LawAct on the Protection of Personal Information (APPI)
Year Enacted2003 (major amendments 2017, 2022)
Consent ModelOpt-in for provision to third parties and for use beyond the stated purpose. Opt-out mechanism available for third-party provision if registered with the PPC (Personal Information Protection Commission). 2022 amendments tightened opt-out rules and expanded individual rights.
Email RulesSpecified Electronic Mail Act: opt-in required for commercial email. Sender ID and unsubscribe required. APPI requires specifying the purpose of use at collection.
Cookie/Tracking Rules2022 amendments: "individually referable information" (e.g., cookie IDs that can be linked to personal info by a recipient) requires consent when provided to third parties. Cookie walls are discouraged.
Penalty RangeCriminal penalties for certain violations (up to JPY 100 million for corporations). PPC can issue orders and recommendations. Reputational enforcement is significant in Japan. 2022 amendments increased penalties.
Key Marketing ImpactJapan has an EU adequacy decision (mutual), facilitating EU-Japan data flows. Pseudonymized data has a specific legal regime — can be used for internal analytics without consent but cannot be provided to third parties. Breach notification to PPC and affected individuals is mandatory. "Individually referable information" concept means cookie syncing and DMP practices need consent.

1.13 South Korea — PIPA

FieldDetail
RegionSouth Korea
LawPersonal Information Protection Act (PIPA)
Year Enacted2011 (major amendments 2023, effective 2024)
Consent ModelOpt-in. Among the strictest globally. Consent must be separate from other terms, clearly distinguishable, and specific. Separate consent required for: collection, use, third-party provision, and cross-border transfer.
Email RulesOpt-in required. The Act on Promotion of Information and Communications Network Utilization governs electronic marketing — consent must be verifiable, and opt-out must be honored immediately. Nighttime marketing (9 PM–8 AM) is restricted.
Cookie/Tracking Rules2023 amendments introduced a framework for pseudonymized data and behavioral advertising. Consent required for tracking that constitutes personal information processing. Online behavioral advertising requires notice and opt-out.
Penalty RangeUp to 3% of relevant revenue or KRW 600 million. Criminal penalties possible (up to 5 years imprisonment). PIPC (Personal Information Protection Commission) enforces.
Key Marketing ImpactVery granular consent requirements — separate checkboxes for each purpose and each third-party recipient. Nighttime contact restrictions are unique and must be coded into send-time logic. Resident Registration Numbers are highly restricted. 2023 amendments expanded extraterritorial reach and data subject rights. Cross-border transfer rules tightened.

1.14 Saudi Arabia — PDPL

FieldDetail
RegionKingdom of Saudi Arabia
LawPersonal Data Protection Law (PDPL)
Year Enacted2021 (implementing regulations 2023; grace period until September 2024)
Consent ModelOpt-in. Consent must be explicit, informed, and freely given. Legitimate interest basis available but narrow. Sensitive data (health, financial, location, biometric, religious/ethnic data) requires explicit consent.
Email RulesMarketing requires consent. Data subjects must be informed of the purpose before collection. Right to object to direct marketing.
Cookie/Tracking RulesGeneral consent obligation applies to collection of personal data via cookies. Specific cookie regulations expected as implementing rules evolve.
Penalty RangeUp to SAR 5 million (~USD 1.3 million). Criminal penalties for unauthorized disclosure of sensitive data (up to 2 years imprisonment). SDAIA (Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority) and NCC enforce.
Key Marketing ImpactData localization: personal data of Saudi residents must be stored and processed in Saudi Arabia unless transfer conditions are met (adequacy, appropriate safeguards, or consent with risk disclosure). Arabic-language privacy notices likely required. DPO appointment required for certain controllers. Data breach notification within 72 hours.

1.15 UAE — Federal Decree-Law No. 45

FieldDetail
RegionUnited Arab Emirates (federal, outside free zones)
LawFederal Decree-Law No. 45 of 2021 on the Protection of Personal Data
Year Enacted2021 (implementing regulations issued 2023–2024)
Consent ModelOpt-in. Consent must be clear, specific, informed, and unambiguous. Legitimate interest basis available. Sensitive data requires explicit consent.
Email RulesMarketing requires consent or a legitimate interest basis. Right to object to direct marketing at any time. Free zone regulations (DIFC, ADGM) have their own data protection laws that may apply instead.
Cookie/Tracking RulesGeneral consent obligation for personal data processing extends to cookies and tracking. Await implementing regulations for specifics.
Penalty RangeUp to AED 20 million (~USD 5.4 million). UAE Data Office enforces. DIFC Commissioner and ADGM have separate penalty regimes for free zone entities.
Key Marketing ImpactThree overlapping regimes: federal law, DIFC (own law modeled on GDPR), and ADGM (own regulations). Determine which applies based on entity registration and data subject location. Cross-border transfer requires adequacy, contractual safeguards, or consent. Arabic-language notices advisable. Free zone entities should follow zone-specific rules which may be stricter.

1.16 Thailand — PDPA

FieldDetail
RegionThailand
LawPersonal Data Protection Act (PDPA)
Year Enacted2019 (fully enforced June 1, 2022)
Consent ModelOpt-in. Consent must be freely given, specific, informed, and unambiguous. Legitimate interest available as an alternative basis. Explicit consent required for sensitive data. Consent must be as easy to withdraw as to give.
Email RulesDirect marketing requires consent or legitimate interest with opt-out. Right to object to marketing at any time. Sender identification required.
Cookie/Tracking RulesConsent required for non-essential cookies. Thailand PDPA Committee guidance recommends cookie banners with granular choice. Functional and strictly necessary cookies may rely on legitimate interest.
Penalty RangeAdministrative fines up to THB 5 million (~USD 140,000). Criminal penalties up to THB 1 million and/or 1 year imprisonment for certain violations. Punitive damages up to 2x actual damages in civil cases. PDPA Committee and Expert Committee enforce.
Key Marketing ImpactStructure is very similar to GDPR. DPO required for certain controllers. Data breach notification within 72 hours. Cross-border transfers require adequacy, appropriate safeguards, or consent. Thai-language privacy notices for Thai data subjects. Record of processing activities required.

Section 2: Industry-Specific Regulations

2.1 Healthcare — HIPAA / FDA

FieldDetail
IndustryHealthcare, Health Services, Pharmaceuticals, Medical Devices
RegulationHIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, 1996); FDA regulations on drug/device advertising (21 CFR Parts 202, 801, 812)
Regulatory BodyHHS (Office for Civil Rights) for HIPAA; FDA for drug/device advertising; FTC for general health claims
Prohibited ClaimsNo claims of cure, treatment, prevention, or diagnosis unless FDA-approved for that indication. No off-label promotion. No misleading efficacy statistics. No patient testimonials implying guaranteed outcomes.
Required DisclaimersRx drug ads: fair balance of risk/benefit information, major side effects, contraindications. DTC ads: "Ask your doctor" language, brief summary or adequate provision. Medical device ads: intended use, material risks.
Marketing RestrictionsPHI (Protected Health Information) cannot be used for marketing without HIPAA-compliant authorization. Treatment communications and healthcare operations are exceptions. Business Associate Agreements required with all martech vendors touching PHI. Patient testimonials require written authorization and cannot guarantee outcomes.
Auto-Applied RulesFlag any health outcome claims. Require "consult your healthcare provider" disclaimer. Block PHI in ad copy, landing pages, and email personalization. Require fair balance when mentioning Rx products. Flag superlatives ("best," "safest," "most effective") in health contexts.

2.2 Finance — SEC / FINRA

FieldDetail
IndustryFinancial Services, Banking, Investment, Insurance, Cryptocurrency
RegulationSEC Rule 206(4)-1 (Marketing Rule, 2022); FINRA Rules 2210, 2241; TILA (Truth in Lending); UDAP/UDAAP
Regulatory BodySEC, FINRA, CFPB, OCC, State regulators
Prohibited ClaimsNo guarantees of investment returns. No promissory statements ("you will earn"). No cherry-picked performance without full context. No testimonials/endorsements without required disclosures (SEC Marketing Rule). No misleading use of "guaranteed" or "risk-free" for investments.
Required Disclaimers"Past performance is not indicative of future results." APR disclosure for credit products (TILA). FDIC/SIPC membership disclosures where applicable. Material risks of investment. Fees and expenses disclosure. "Not FDIC insured, may lose value" for non-deposit products.
Marketing RestrictionsPerformance advertising must show net-of-fee returns, 1/5/10-year or since-inception periods, and benchmark comparison. Hypothetical performance requires extensive disclaimers and cannot be shown in mass-market ads (SEC Marketing Rule). Crypto marketing: no implication of government backing, must disclose volatility risks. Pre-approval/review required by compliance department for all communications.
Auto-Applied RulesFlag return claims, guarantee language, and "risk-free" terminology. Require performance disclaimer on any content mentioning returns. Flag testimonials and require SEC-compliant disclosure. Block hyperbolic claims ("best returns," "guaranteed income"). Require APR disclosure near any credit/loan rate mention.

2.3 Legal — Bar Association Rules

FieldDetail
IndustryLegal Services, Law Firms, Legal Tech
RegulationABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct (Rules 7.1–7.3); State bar advertising rules (vary by state)
Regulatory BodyState bar associations, State supreme courts
Prohibited ClaimsNo guarantees of case outcomes. No misleading comparisons with other lawyers. No claims of specialization unless certified by an approved organization. No implication of results in future cases based on past results.
Required DisclaimersMany states require: "Advertising Material" label on solicitation. Past results disclaimer ("Past results do not guarantee future outcomes"). Fee basis disclosure. Office location disclosure. State-specific required language varies significantly.
Marketing RestrictionsDirect solicitation restrictions (no in-person solicitation for profit in most states). Some states require pre-filing of ads with the bar. Testimonials and endorsements must be truthful and not misleading. Dramatizations must be labeled. Use of "specialist" or "expert" restricted in most states.
Auto-Applied RulesFlag outcome guarantees and success rate claims. Require "results may vary" / "past results do not guarantee future outcomes." Flag "specialist" / "expert" claims and require certification disclosure. Flag direct solicitation language. Require jurisdiction identification.

2.4 Alcohol — TTB

FieldDetail
IndustryAlcoholic Beverages (beer, wine, spirits)
RegulationFederal Alcohol Administration Act; TTB regulations (27 CFR Parts 4, 5, 7); State ABC laws
Regulatory BodyTTB (Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau); State Alcohol Beverage Control boards
Prohibited ClaimsNo health claims ("good for you," "heart-healthy"). No claims of intoxicating effect as a selling point. No targeting or appeal to minors. No false origin claims. No disparagement of competitors. No government endorsement implication.
Required DisclaimersMandatory health warning on labels (Surgeon General's warning). Responsible drinking messaging encouraged/required by industry codes. ABV and origin disclosures on labels and in many ad formats.
Marketing RestrictionsAge-gating required on digital platforms (70% adult audience threshold for ad placement per industry codes). No use of cartoon characters, Santa Claus, or imagery appealing to minors. Platform-specific age restrictions apply. State-by-state rules on promotions, contests, and tied-house restrictions.
Auto-Applied RulesRequire age-gate on landing pages and social content. Flag health benefit claims. Require responsible drinking language ("Drink Responsibly," "21+ only"). Block content that appeals to minors (cartoons, child-associated imagery, school settings). Flag claims about intoxication level or speed.

2.5 Cannabis — State Laws

FieldDetail
IndustryCannabis, CBD, Hemp Products
RegulationNo federal legalization (Schedule I under CSA); state-by-state licensing and advertising laws; 2018 Farm Bill (hemp/CBD)
Regulatory BodyState cannabis regulatory agencies; FDA (for CBD ingestibles); FTC (for advertising claims)
Prohibited ClaimsNo medical/health claims for cannabis or CBD unless FDA-approved (only Epidiolex as of 2025). No claims targeting minors. No false potency or composition claims. No "FDA approved" language.
Required DisclaimersState-specific warnings (e.g., California Prop 65, Colorado THC warnings). "For use only by adults 21+" (or state-specific age). "Keep out of reach of children." Many states require license number in advertising.
Marketing RestrictionsMost states prohibit: billboards near schools, advertising on platforms with less than 71.6% adult audience, cartoon characters, lifestyle imagery suggesting safety. Some states require pre-approval of ads. Digital advertising severely restricted — most major platforms (Google, Meta, Amazon) prohibit paid cannabis ads. Email marketing is primary channel but must comply with state opt-in rules.
Auto-Applied RulesBlock all health/medical claims. Require 21+ age disclaimer. Require state-specific warning language. Flag any content that could appeal to minors. Block from major paid ad platforms. Flag cross-state marketing (different rules per state). Require license number disclosure.

2.6 Real Estate — Fair Housing Act

FieldDetail
IndustryReal Estate, Property Management, Mortgage, Rental
RegulationFair Housing Act (FHA); HUD advertising guidelines; State fair housing laws; Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) for lending
Regulatory BodyHUD (Department of Housing and Urban Development); State fair housing agencies; CFPB (for lending)
Prohibited ClaimsNo statements indicating preference, limitation, or discrimination based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex (including gender identity and sexual orientation per HUD 2021), familial status, or disability.
Required DisclaimersEqual Housing Opportunity logo or statement in all advertising. ECOA disclosures for mortgage marketing. State-specific fair housing language.
Marketing RestrictionsAd targeting cannot exclude protected classes (see Meta's Special Ad Category, Google's Housing category restrictions). Words/phrases to avoid: "exclusive neighborhood," "family-friendly" (implies no children preference), "walking distance to church" (religious preference), "master bedroom" (being phased out). Images must reflect diversity. HUD advertising guidelines provide detailed word lists. Digital ad targeting restrictions apply on all major platforms.
Auto-Applied RulesFlag protected-class language (race, religion, familial status, disability references as preference). Require Equal Housing Opportunity statement. Flag exclusionary targeting criteria. Flag phrases from HUD's discriminatory language list. Require Special Ad Category selection on Meta/Google. Block demographic exclusion in audience targeting.

2.7 Education — FERPA

FieldDetail
IndustryEducation, EdTech, Student Services
RegulationFERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act); FTC Act (for marketing claims); State education privacy laws; COPPA (if under 13)
Regulatory BodyDepartment of Education (SPPO); FTC; State AGs
Prohibited ClaimsNo guaranteed employment outcomes unless substantiated. No misleading graduation rate claims. No false accreditation claims. Gainful Employment Rule requires outcome disclosures for certain programs.
Required DisclaimersAccreditation status and type. Outcome disclosures (graduation rates, median debt, employment rates) for vocational programs. Financial aid disclosures. Net price calculator requirement for Title IV institutions.
Marketing RestrictionsStudent education records (grades, enrollment, financial aid) cannot be used for marketing without consent. Directory information can be disclosed but students can opt out. EdTech vendors must limit data use to educational purposes. Incentive compensation ban: cannot pay recruiters based on enrollment numbers.
Auto-Applied RulesFlag employment/salary guarantee claims. Require accreditation disclosure. Block use of student records for marketing personalization without consent. Flag "guaranteed job placement" language. Require outcome statistic sourcing. Flag incentive-based recruitment language.

2.8 Children's Products — COPPA

FieldDetail
IndustryProducts/Services Directed at Children Under 13 (and under 16/18 in some jurisdictions)
RegulationCOPPA (Children's Online Privacy Protection Act, 1998; updated rule 2013; proposed amendments 2024); FTC Act; State laws (e.g., California Age-Appropriate Design Code)
Regulatory BodyFTC; State AGs; International equivalents (UK ICO Age Appropriate Design Code)
Prohibited ClaimsNo deceptive advertising to children. No pressure tactics or urgency manipulation ("buy now before it's gone") directed at children. No blurring of content and advertising (e.g., advergames without clear disclosure).
Required DisclaimersClear "Ad" or "Sponsored" labeling in content directed at children. Parental consent disclosures for data collection.
Marketing RestrictionsVerifiable parental consent (VPC) required before collecting personal info from children under 13. No behavioral advertising targeting children. No push notifications to children encouraging purchases. No collection of geolocation data from children without parental consent. Platforms directed at children must have robust age verification. CARU (Children's Advertising Review Unit) self-regulatory guidelines apply.
Auto-Applied RulesFlag any content targeting users under 13 and require COPPA compliance review. Block behavioral ad targeting for children's audiences. Require parental consent mechanisms for data collection. Flag manipulative design patterns (dark patterns) in children's contexts. Block geolocation collection for child-directed services. Flag influencer content targeting children without clear ad disclosure.

2.9 Supplements — FDA / FTC

FieldDetail
IndustryDietary Supplements, Nutraceuticals, Functional Foods
RegulationDSHEA (Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, 1994); FTC Act Section 5; FDA 21 CFR Part 101 (labeling); FTC Health Products Compliance Guidance
Regulatory BodyFDA (labeling, safety, manufacturing); FTC (advertising claims)
Prohibited ClaimsNo disease claims ("cures cancer," "treats diabetes") — these make the product an unapproved drug. No claims without competent and reliable scientific evidence. No misrepresentation of clinical studies. No before/after photos implying guaranteed results without typicality disclosure.
Required DisclaimersStructure/function claims require: "This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease." Testimonials must disclose typical results if atypical results are presented.
Marketing RestrictionsClaims must be truthful, non-misleading, and substantiated. FTC requires "competent and reliable scientific evidence" (generally, at least one well-designed human clinical trial). Structure/function claims are permitted (e.g., "supports immune health") but disease claims are not. Celebrity/influencer endorsements must reflect honest experience and disclose material connections.
Auto-Applied RulesFlag any disease claim (diagnose, treat, cure, prevent). Auto-insert FDA disclaimer on structure/function claims. Flag unsubstantiated efficacy claims. Require "results not typical" disclosure for testimonials with specific outcomes. Flag "clinically proven" unless backed by published peer-reviewed study. Block "FDA approved" language (supplements are not FDA-approved).

2.10 Tech / SaaS — SOC 2 / GDPR Processor Rules

FieldDetail
IndustrySoftware, SaaS, Cloud Services, Technology
RegulationSOC 2 (AICPA Trust Services Criteria); GDPR Article 28 (processor obligations); ISO 27001; Industry-specific (HIPAA for health tech, PCI DSS for payment tech)
Regulatory BodyNo single regulator. AICPA (SOC 2 framework); EU/UK DPAs (GDPR processor rules); Contractual obligations from enterprise customers
Prohibited ClaimsNo false security claims ("unhackable," "100% secure"). No misleading uptime guarantees without SLA terms. No "GDPR compliant" or "SOC 2 certified" claims unless accurate and current. No misrepresentation of data handling practices.
Required DisclaimersSLA terms and limitations. Data processing location disclosure. Sub-processor disclosure. Incident notification commitments. Certification scope limitations (SOC 2 Type I vs Type II, ISO 27001 scope).
Marketing RestrictionsSecurity certifications must be accurately represented (SOC 2 Type II report covers a period, not a point in time). GDPR processor status requires a Data Processing Agreement with every customer. Marketing customer logos may require permission. Case study publication typically requires written customer approval. Competitive claims must be substantiated.
Auto-Applied RulesFlag "100% secure," "unhackable," "guaranteed uptime" claims. Require SLA reference when mentioning uptime percentages. Flag certification claims and verify accuracy (SOC 2 Type I vs II, ISO 27001 scope). Require DPA availability mention in B2B marketing to EU audiences. Flag customer logos/names and verify permission. Flag competitive comparison claims and require substantiation.

Section 3: FTC Advertising Rules

3.1 FTC Endorsement Guides (Revised 2023)

RuleRequirement
Material Connection DisclosureAny material connection between an endorser and the brand must be clearly and conspicuously disclosed. Material connections include: payment, free products, employment, family relationships, business partnerships, equity stakes, and affiliate commissions.
PlacementDisclosures must be in the same medium as the endorsement, unavoidable by the audience, and in clear language. For social media: within the post text (not hidden in hashtag strings), visible without clicking "more," and in the first lines of a caption. For video: spoken and in text overlay, not just in the description.
Required LanguageUse clear terms: "#ad," "#sponsored," "Paid partnership with [Brand]." Ambiguous terms are insufficient: "#ambassador," "#collab," "#partner" alone do not meet FTC standards. Platform-specific disclosure tools (e.g., "Paid Partnership" tags) are helpful but may not be sufficient alone — a text disclosure is still recommended.
Endorser LiabilityBoth the brand AND the endorser can be held liable for non-disclosure. Brands must have reasonable monitoring programs for endorser compliance. Written agreements should include disclosure requirements.
Honest OpinionEndorsements must reflect the honest opinion or experience of the endorser. Endorsers must have actually used the product/service. Scripts that misrepresent the endorser's experience violate FTC rules.
Celebrity/Expert EndorsementsExpert endorsers must have genuine expertise in the field. Celebrity endorsers must actually use the product. Expertise claims must be truthful. AI-generated or deepfake "endorsements" of real people without consent are deceptive.

3.2 FTC Consumer Review Fairness and Rule on Fake Reviews (2024)

RuleRequirement
Fake Reviews BanBusinesses may not create, buy, sell, or disseminate fake consumer reviews, testimonials, or celebrity endorsements. This includes reviews by employees or insiders not disclosing their connection.
AI-Generated ReviewsAI-generated reviews presented as human experiences are prohibited. AI-assisted review solicitation is permitted if the review reflects the genuine customer's experience.
Review SuppressionBusinesses may not use unfounded legal threats, contract terms, or other means to suppress negative reviews. Filtering out only negative reviews while publishing positive ones is deceptive.
Review ManipulationBuying positive reviews, incentivizing only positive reviews, or manipulating review platforms to boost ratings is prohibited. Soliciting reviews generally is permitted as long as the solicitation is not conditional on a positive review.
PenaltyCivil penalties up to $51,744 per violation. Applies to businesses, review brokers, and platforms that knowingly facilitate fake reviews.

3.3 Influencer Disclosure Requirements

RequirementDetail
When to DiscloseAny time there is a material connection between the influencer and the brand — even for gifted products, affiliate links, or business relationships.
How to DiscloseClear, unambiguous language at the beginning of the content. "#ad" at the start of social posts, spoken disclosure at the beginning of videos, and visible text in image posts. Must be understandable in the language of the audience.
Platform-SpecificInstagram/TikTok: "#ad" in first line + platform partnership label. YouTube: spoken + text in video + description box. Podcasts: spoken disclosure in the episode (not just show notes). Blog/newsletter: clear disclosure at the top of the post.
Brand ResponsibilityBrands must: (1) clearly inform influencers of disclosure requirements in contracts, (2) monitor compliance, (3) take action when violations are found. A contractual clause alone is insufficient — active monitoring is required.

3.4 AI-Generated Content Disclosure

RequirementDetail
FTC PositionAI-generated content that could be mistaken for human-created content must be disclosed. This includes AI-generated images, text, voices, and video used in marketing.
DeepfakesUsing AI to create realistic depictions of real people without their consent is deceptive. AI-generated endorsements by fabricated "people" must be disclosed as AI-generated.
AI in ReviewsAI-generated reviews are fake reviews under FTC rules. AI tools may assist humans in writing reviews, but the review must reflect genuine experience.
Best PracticeDisclose AI involvement in content creation when a reasonable consumer would consider it material. Label AI-generated imagery clearly. Do not use AI voices mimicking real individuals without consent and disclosure.

3.5 Testimonial Rules

RuleDetail
TypicalityIf a testimonial describes results that are not typical, the ad must clearly disclose what results consumers can generally expect. "Results not typical" alone is insufficient — must state typical results.
TruthfulnessTestimonials must reflect honest, genuine experiences. Cannot be fabricated, materially altered, or taken out of context.
SubstantiationClaims made through testimonials are treated as claims by the advertiser and must be substantiated.
Expert EndorsementsMust be supported by an actual examination, testing, or evaluation by the expert. The expert must have qualifications in the relevant field.

3.6 FTC Penalty Structure

Violation TypePenalty Range
Section 5 (Unfair or Deceptive Acts)Consent orders, cease and desist, corrective advertising. No direct fines for first-time Section 5 violations, but violation of a consent order: up to $51,744 per violation.
Penalty Offense AuthorityFTC can seek civil penalties from companies that had prior notice that conduct is unlawful (via prior FTC cases). Up to $51,744 per violation.
Fake Reviews Rule (2024)Civil penalties up to $51,744 per violation.
COPPA ViolationsUp to $51,744 per violation.
Restitution/DisgorgementFTC can seek consumer redress through federal courts. AMG Capital Management v. FTC (2021) limited FTC's Section 13(b) authority, but Congress is working to restore it.

Section 4: Platform-Specific Ad Policies

4.1 Google Ads

CategoryPolicy Summary
Prohibited ContentCounterfeit goods, dangerous products, enabling dishonest behavior, inappropriate content, malware, weapons, tobacco, recreational drugs (including CBD in most regions).
Prohibited PracticesAbusing the ad network, data collection without disclosure, misrepresentation, cloaking (showing different content to reviewers vs. users), manipulating ad auction.
Restricted CategoriesAlcohol (age/country restrictions), gambling (license required), healthcare/medicine (varies by country, FDA approval needed in US), financial services (must comply with local law, no deceptive claims), political advertising (verification required), adult content (limited placements).
Healthcare SpecificsRx drug ads: US only (with caveats), must comply with FDA. Online pharmacy ads: VIPPS/CIPA certification required. Unapproved substances and supplements with drug claims are prohibited. Clinical trial recruitment has specific rules.
AI/Automated AdsPerformance Max and AI-generated creative must still comply with all policies. Advertisers are responsible for AI-generated ad content.
Housing/Employment/CreditSpecial restrictions on targeting (no age, gender, zip code, or parental status targeting). Similar to Meta Special Ad Categories.

4.2 Meta Ads (Facebook / Instagram)

CategoryPolicy Summary
Prohibited ContentIllegal products, tobacco, drugs, unsafe supplements, weapons, surveillance equipment, payday loans (in many regions), multi-level marketing (restricted), before/after images for health/cosmetic products.
Special Ad CategoriesCredit, Employment, Housing, Social Issues/Elections/Politics. These categories have restricted targeting: no age, gender, zip code, or interest-based exclusions. Must declare category before ad creation. Lookalike audiences replaced with Special Ad Audiences.
Health & WellnessNo before/after images. No claims implying personal attributes ("Are you overweight?"). No idealized body imagery. Weight loss claims require disclaimers. Supplements cannot make drug claims.
Financial ProductsCrypto ads require written approval. Financial services must comply with local licensing. No misleading income claims. "Get rich quick" content is prohibited.
Data & TargetingCustom Audiences must be based on consented data. No targeting sensitive categories (health conditions, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation) — even via proxy targeting. Lead form data must comply with Platform Terms and advertiser's privacy policy.
Content QualityNo clickbait, sensationalism, or engagement bait. No misleading buttons or UI elements. Landing page must match ad content. No excessive text in images (guideline, not hard rule).

4.3 LinkedIn Ads

CategoryPolicy Summary
Prohibited ContentIllegal products, weapons, tobacco, recreational drugs, adult content, counterfeit goods, spyware/malware, deceptive offers.
Professional StandardsContent must be appropriate for a professional audience. No vulgar or offensive content. No political or religious advertising (with limited country exceptions for political ads).
B2B SpecificsJob ads must comply with employment law (no discriminatory targeting or language). Financial claims must be substantiated. No misleading job opportunity claims. Salary claims must be verifiable.
Targeting RestrictionsNo targeting by age, gender, or ethnicity for employment, housing, education, or credit ads. Sensitive category targeting (health, political, religious) is restricted.
Lead GenerationLead Gen Forms must link to a privacy policy. Data collected must be used consistent with advertiser's stated purpose. Auto-fill data is shared with advertiser — users must consent.

4.4 TikTok Ads

CategoryPolicy Summary
Prohibited ContentIllegal products, weapons, tobacco, drugs, dangerous challenges, animal products from endangered species, adult content, counterfeit goods, political advertising (banned globally).
Age SensitivityPlatform skews young — extra scrutiny on age-gating for alcohol, gambling, and finance. No ads directed at users under 13. Ads for age-restricted products must use age-gate targeting.
Health & BeautyNo extreme weight loss claims. No before/after images implying guaranteed results. No misleading beauty claims. Supplement ads must comply with local regulations.
Financial ServicesCrypto advertising highly restricted or banned (varies by country). Financial products require licensing disclosure. No "get rich quick" or income guarantee content.
Content StandardsAds must not impersonate news content or government announcements. No deepfakes or manipulated media of real people. Branded content must use the Branded Content toggle. Spark Ads (boosting organic content) must comply with all ad policies.

4.5 Amazon Ads

CategoryPolicy Summary
Prohibited ContentIllegal products, tobacco, weapons, offensive content, false claims, competitive disparagement, political advertising.
Product SpecificsClaims must match product listing. No inconsistency between ad and product detail page. Star ratings must be accurate and current. No "best seller" claims unless backed by Amazon data.
Health & SupplementsSupplement ads cannot make disease claims. Must include required FDA disclaimer. No unapproved health claims. OTC drug ads must comply with FDA requirements.
Restricted CategoriesAlcohol (limited, marketplace-specific). CBD (prohibited in most regions). Gambling (prohibited). Financial services (restricted). Academic paper writing services (prohibited).
Creative StandardsNo custom "add to cart" buttons or fake interactive elements. No pressure tactics ("only 2 left" in ad creative). Mobile-friendly creative required. No blurry or pixelated images. Logos must not mimic Amazon branding.

Section 5: Accessibility Requirements

5.1 WCAG 2.2 AA — Marketing Content Requirements

CriterionRequirementMarketing Application
1.1.1 Non-text ContentAll non-text content has a text alternative serving the equivalent purpose.All marketing images, infographics, charts, and icons require meaningful alt text. Decorative images use empty alt (alt=""). CTA buttons in images must have alt text describing the action.
1.2.1 Audio/Video (Prerecorded)Provide alternatives for time-based media.Marketing videos require captions. Podcasts require transcripts. Webinar recordings need both captions and descriptive audio where visual-only info is presented.
1.2.2 Captions (Prerecorded)Captions for all prerecorded audio in synchronized media.All video ads, social media videos, and embedded video content must have accurate captions — not auto-generated without review.
1.2.5 Audio Description (Prerecorded)Audio description for prerecorded video content (AA).Marketing videos where visual-only content conveys key information need audio description tracks (e.g., product demos, tutorials).
1.3.1 Info and RelationshipsStructure and relationships conveyed through presentation are programmatically determinable.Email templates must use semantic HTML (headings, lists, tables with headers). Landing pages must use proper heading hierarchy. Forms must have associated labels.
1.3.2 Meaningful SequenceContent reading order is correct when linearized.Email layouts must make sense when CSS is disabled or images don't load. Single-column fallback for responsive emails.
1.4.1 Use of ColorColor is not the only visual means of conveying information.CTA buttons must not rely solely on color to indicate interactivity. Error states in forms need text labels, not just red highlighting. Charts need patterns or labels in addition to color coding.
1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum)Text: 4.5:1 contrast ratio. Large text (18pt+ or 14pt+ bold): 3:1.All marketing copy, CTAs, and navigation text must meet contrast minimums. Brand colors must be tested. White text on light backgrounds and light gray text are common failures.
1.4.4 Resize TextText can be resized up to 200% without loss of content or functionality.Landing pages and web content must remain functional at 200% zoom. No fixed-width containers that cause horizontal scrolling.
1.4.5 Images of TextUse actual text rather than images of text (with exceptions for logos).Avoid embedding key marketing copy in images. Headline text in banner ads should be HTML where possible. Social images with text should have alt text containing the text.
1.4.11 Non-text ContrastUI components and graphical objects: 3:1 contrast against adjacent colors.Form field borders, CTA button borders, icons, and chart elements must meet 3:1 contrast. Focus indicators must be visible.
2.1.1 KeyboardAll functionality operable through keyboard interface.Navigation menus, forms, modals, carousels, accordions, and interactive elements on landing pages must be fully keyboard-accessible. No keyboard traps.
2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context)Purpose of each link can be determined from link text or context.Avoid "Click here" and "Read more" as standalone link text. Use descriptive text: "Download the 2025 Marketing Report" instead of "Download."
2.4.6 Headings and LabelsHeadings and labels describe topic or purpose.Landing page sections need descriptive headings. Form labels must clearly describe the expected input.
2.4.7 Focus VisibleKeyboard focus indicator is visible.Do not remove outline styles from interactive elements on landing pages. Custom focus indicators must meet 3:1 contrast.
3.1.1 Language of PageDefault human language of each page is programmatically determinable.Set lang attribute on HTML element. Multilingual marketing pages need lang attributes on sections in different languages.
3.2.1 On FocusNo context change on focus.No auto-redirect, modal popup, or form submission triggered solely by focusing an element.
3.2.2 On InputNo context change on input unless user is informed beforehand.Form field changes should not trigger page navigation. Auto-submit on dropdown selection is non-compliant without warning.
4.1.2 Name, Role, ValueAll UI components have accessible name, role, and state information.Custom components (dropdowns, toggles, tabs, sliders) on landing pages must use ARIA roles, states, and properties correctly.

5.2 ADA Website Compliance

RequirementDetail
Legal BasisTitle III of the Americans with Disabilities Act. DOJ has confirmed that websites of public accommodations must be accessible. No specific technical standard is codified, but courts consistently reference WCAG 2.2 AA as the benchmark.
Who Is CoveredAny business that is a "place of public accommodation" (virtually all commercial websites, including e-commerce, SaaS, services, media).
EnforcementPrivate lawsuits (ADA Title III does not provide damages in federal court but does in some states, notably California's Unruh Act: $4,000 minimum per violation per visit). DOJ enforcement actions. Demand letters are common.
Marketing ImplicationsAll landing pages, microsites, campaign pages, and promotional web content must be WCAG 2.2 AA compliant. Pop-ups and modals must be keyboard-accessible and screen-reader-compatible. Video content needs captions. PDFs (whitepapers, ebooks) must be tagged for accessibility. Forms must have labels, error handling, and keyboard access.
Auto-Applied RulesFlag landing pages without accessibility review. Require alt text on all images. Require caption files for video content. Flag color contrast issues in design assets. Require keyboard-accessible interactive elements. Flag PDF deliverables without accessibility tagging.

5.3 Email Accessibility Standards

RequirementDetail
Semantic HTMLUse proper HTML elements: <h1><h6> for headings, <p> for paragraphs, <table> with role="presentation" for layout tables, <th> for data table headers.
Alt TextEvery <img> must have an alt attribute. Meaningful images get descriptive alt text. Decorative images use alt="". CTA images (buttons, banners) get action-oriented alt text.
Color ContrastBody text: 4.5:1 minimum. Large text: 3:1 minimum. CTA buttons: text must contrast with button background AND button must contrast with email background.
Font SizeMinimum 14px for body text, 22px+ for headings. Avoid font sizes below 12px for any content. Use relative units where supported.
Link StylingLinks must be distinguishable from surrounding text by more than just color (underline is standard). Link text must be descriptive. Avoid multiple links with identical text pointing to different URLs.
StructureSingle-column layouts are most accessible. If multi-column, ensure proper reading order in code. Use dir and lang attributes. Avoid relying on CSS-only layout that breaks in stripped-down email clients.
Dark ModeTest in dark mode. Use transparent PNGs or match background colors. Ensure text remains readable when background colors are overridden. Provide both light and dark mode color declarations where supported.
Screen ReaderInclude a role="article" on the main content wrapper. Use aria-label for navigation links if applicable. Avoid "View in browser" as the only way to access content. Preheader text should be meaningful (it's read aloud by screen readers).
Auto-Applied RulesFlag images without alt text. Flag text below 4.5:1 contrast ratio. Flag body text below 14px. Flag link text that says "Click here" or "Read more." Flag layout tables without role="presentation". Require single-column fallback for mobile/accessibility.

Rule Application Reference

When the context engine evaluates marketing content, apply rules in this priority order:

  1. Geographic law — Identify target audience jurisdiction(s) and apply ALL applicable privacy/consent rules
  2. Industry regulation — Identify the advertiser's industry and apply sector-specific restrictions
  3. FTC advertising rules — Apply to all US-targeted content regardless of industry
  4. Platform policies — Apply the specific platform's rules for the distribution channel
  5. Accessibility — Apply WCAG 2.2 AA and email accessibility standards to all outputs

When rules conflict, apply the most restrictive standard. When jurisdiction is unknown, default to GDPR + CPRA + FTC as the baseline.

Severity Levels

LevelDefinitionAction
BLOCKViolation would be illegal or result in platform ban (false health claims, missing disclosures on regulated products, COPPA violations, discriminatory targeting).Do not output. Flag to user with specific rule citation.
WARNLikely violation requiring human review (ambiguous claims, missing disclaimers, potential trademark issues, accessibility gaps).Output with prominent warning and recommended fix.
SUGGESTBest practice not strictly required by law but reduces risk (double opt-in where only opt-out required, adding disclaimers proactively, exceeding minimum contrast ratios).Output with suggestion as a footnote.

Supporting file: skills/context-engine/multilingual-execution-guide.md

Multilingual Marketing Execution Guide

End-to-end reference for planning, executing, and quality-assuring multilingual marketing campaigns. Covers translation service selection, cultural adaptation, RTL implementation, Indic and CJK specifics, SEO, and budget optimization.


1. End-to-End Multilingual Workflow

Every multilingual campaign follows this eight-step pipeline. Each step maps to a specific command and produces an artifact that feeds the next step.

Step 1: Language Configuration

Command: /digital-marketing-pro:language-config

Define the languages your brand operates in, set primary and secondary languages, and configure translation preferences in the brand profile.

language:
  primary: en-US
  secondary: [de-DE, fr-FR, es-ES, ja-JP, hi-IN]
  translation_preferences:
    default_service: auto          # let language-router decide
    force_service: null             # override: deepl | sarvam-ai | google-cloud-translation | lara-translate
    formality: formal               # formal | informal | auto
    glossary_enabled: true
    do_not_translate: ["BrandName", "ProductX", "ProSuite"]
  transcreation_triggers: [slogan, cta, headline, tagline, emotional_campaign]

Output: Updated brand profile with language block.

Step 2: Create Source Content

Author content in the primary language following brand voice guidelines. Tag each content piece with its type (technical, marketing, creative, legal) so the pipeline knows which translation approach to use downstream.

Step 3: Evaluate Source Content

Command: /digital-marketing-pro:eval-content

Score the source content for clarity, brand voice alignment, and translatability before spending money on translation. Ambiguous source text produces bad translations in every language.

Translatability checklist:

  • No idioms that rely on source-language wordplay
  • Short, clear sentences (aim for Flesch-Kincaid grade 8-10 for marketing copy)
  • Cultural references flagged for adaptation
  • Placeholders and variables clearly marked
  • Brand terms from the do-not-translate list used consistently

Step 4: Translate

Command: /digital-marketing-pro:translate-content

The language-router.py script automatically selects the best translation service based on the target language family. Content tagged as requiring transcreation is routed to the transcreation workflow instead (see Section 4 and transcreation-framework.md).

Step 5: Score Translation Quality

Command: /digital-marketing-pro:multilingual-score

Automated quality scoring across five dimensions: meaning accuracy, fluency, terminology consistency, brand voice, and formatting. Scores below 70 are flagged for human review. Scores below 50 trigger re-translation with a different service.

Step 6: Localize Campaign Assets

Command: /digital-marketing-pro:localize-campaign

Beyond text translation, this step adapts:

  • Date and time formats
  • Currency and number formats
  • Images and visual assets (text in images, cultural appropriateness)
  • CTAs and conversion flows
  • Payment methods and trust signals
  • Platform-specific formatting (character limits, hashtags, handles)

Step 7: Language Audit

Command: /digital-marketing-pro:language-audit

Final quality gate before publishing. Checks:

  • All target languages have complete translations (no missing strings)
  • Glossary terms are consistent across all languages
  • RTL languages have correct directional formatting
  • hreflang tags are properly configured
  • No source-language text leaking into translated assets
  • Compliance and legal disclaimers present in all required languages

Step 8: Publish

Deploy localized assets to target platforms. Monitor performance per language/market and feed learnings back into the language configuration for the next cycle.


2. Translation Service Comparison

FeatureDeepLSarvam AIGoogle Cloud TranslationLara Translate
Languages30+22 Indic100+100+
Primary strengthEuropean language qualityIndic language specialistBroadest language coverageMarketing context preservation
Formality controlYes (formal/informal)NoNoYes (formal/informal)
Glossary supportYesNoAdaptive NMTYes (Translation Memory)
Batch processingYesYesYesYes
Best forDE, FR, ES, IT, PT, NL, PL, RU, JA, KO, ZHHI, TA, TE, BN, MR, GU, KN, ML, PARare languages, AR, TH, VI, ID, SWMarketing copy, brand voice content
API rate limits500K chars/month (free), unlimited (pro)Per-request, batch preferred6M chars/month defaultProject-based quotas
Context windowSentence + paragraphSentence-levelSentence-levelDocument-level TM
MCP serverdeeplsarvam-aigoogle-cloud-translationlara-translate

When to use each service

  • DeepL: Default for European languages. Superior quality for DE, FR, ES, IT, NL, PL. Also strong for JA, KO, ZH. Use when formality control matters.
  • Sarvam AI: Mandatory for Indic languages. Purpose-built models for Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Bengali, Marathi, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Punjabi, and 13 other Indic languages. Handles script-specific nuances that general-purpose engines miss.
  • Google Cloud Translation: Fallback for languages not well-served by DeepL or Sarvam. Primary choice for Arabic, Thai, Vietnamese, Indonesian, Swahili, and other languages outside European/Indic families.
  • Lara Translate: Best for marketing content where brand voice preservation is critical. Translation Memory maintains consistency across campaigns. Use for high-visibility marketing copy when budget allows.

3. Language Routing Decision Tree

The language-router.py script automates service selection using this logic:

Input text + target language
    |
    v
Detect source language (if not specified)
    |
    v
Check brand profile for force_service override
    |-- If override set --> Use specified service
    |
    v
Determine target language family
    |
    |-- Indic (HI, TA, TE, BN, MR, GU, KN, ML, PA, OR, AS, UR, SD, NE, SI, etc.)
    |       --> Primary: Sarvam AI
    |       --> Fallback: Google Cloud Translation
    |
    |-- European (DE, FR, ES, IT, PT, NL, PL, RU, CS, DA, FI, SV, EL, HU, RO, SK, BG, etc.)
    |       --> Primary: DeepL
    |       --> Fallback: Lara Translate --> Google Cloud Translation
    |
    |-- CJK (JA, KO, ZH-CN, ZH-TW)
    |       --> Primary: DeepL
    |       --> Fallback: Google Cloud Translation
    |
    |-- Semitic (AR, HE)
    |       --> Primary: Google Cloud Translation
    |       --> Fallback: DeepL (limited support)
    |
    |-- Other (TH, VI, ID, MS, SW, TL, etc.)
    |       --> Primary: Google Cloud Translation
    |       --> Fallback: Lara Translate
    |
    v
Check content type
    |-- If transcreation_trigger (slogan, cta, headline, tagline, emotional_campaign)
    |       --> Route to transcreation workflow
    |       --> See transcreation-framework.md
    |
    v
Check glossary/do-not-translate list
    --> Protect brand terms before sending to API
    --> Restore after translation
    |
    v
Execute translation --> Score --> Return result

Overriding the router

Users can force a specific service in the brand profile:

translation_preferences:
  force_service: deepl    # bypass routing, always use DeepL

Or per-request via the translate command:

/digital-marketing-pro:translate-content --service=sarvam-ai --target=hi-IN

4. Transcreation Methodology

Transcreation is creative translation where the output may share no words with the original but achieves the same emotional and commercial goal. See transcreation-framework.md for the complete framework.

When to transcreate (not translate)

  • Slogans and taglines
  • Headlines and subject lines
  • CTAs where emotion or urgency matters
  • Humor, wordplay, puns, or double meanings
  • Cultural references and idioms
  • Emotional campaigns (fear, joy, nostalgia, aspiration)
  • Content where rhythm, rhyme, or sound matters

When standard translation is sufficient

  • Product specifications and data sheets
  • Legal and compliance text
  • FAQ and help center articles
  • Internal communications
  • Technical documentation

Quick process

  1. Create a transcreation brief (intent, emotion, key message, constraints)
  2. Generate 3-5 options in the target language (not translations, but original creations)
  3. Score each option against the brief
  4. Select and refine the winner
  5. Validate with /digital-marketing-pro:multilingual-score and /digital-marketing-pro:prompt-test

5. Cultural Dimension Mapping (Hofstede Applied to Marketing)

Geert Hofstede's cultural dimensions provide a practical framework for adapting marketing messages across markets. Below is how each dimension affects marketing execution.

Individualism vs Collectivism

High Individualism (US, UK, AU, NL)High Collectivism (JP, KR, IN, CN, ID)
"Your personal success""Your team's achievement"
Individual testimonialsGroup consensus, popularity indicators
Personal benefit CTAsFamily/community benefit CTAs
Self-expression messagingBelonging and harmony messaging
"Stand out from the crowd""Join millions who trust us"

Power Distance

Low Power Distance (DE, NL, DK, SE, NZ)High Power Distance (IN, MY, PH, MX, SA)
Peer-level, conversational toneAuthority-based trust signals
"We're partners in this""Recommended by industry leaders"
User-generated content valuedExpert endorsements valued
Informal brand voice acceptableRespectful, aspirational tone expected
Question authority freelyHierarchy signals credibility

Uncertainty Avoidance

Low Uncertainty Avoidance (US, UK, SG, DK, SE)High Uncertainty Avoidance (JP, DE, FR, KR, GR)
Bold claims, innovation focusDetailed specifications, certifications
"Try it risk-free""Tested and certified to ISO 9001"
Emphasize novelty and disruptionEmphasize reliability and track record
Short-form content, quick decisionsLong-form content, detailed comparisons
"Be the first to try""Trusted by experts for 20 years"

Long-Term Orientation

Short-Term (US, UK, AU, NG)Long-Term (JP, KR, CN, DE)
Quick results, immediate ROILegacy, tradition, long-term value
"See results in 30 days""Building for the next generation"
Quarterly performance focusMulti-year vision messaging
Trend-driven campaignsHeritage and craftsmanship narratives

Indulgence vs Restraint

High Indulgence (US, UK, AU, MX, CO)High Restraint (RU, PL, KR, EG, PK)
Emotional, fun, aspirationalFactual, restrained, practical
Lifestyle imageryProduct-focused imagery
"Treat yourself""A sensible investment"
Humor and entertainmentInformation and education
Desire-driven messagingNeed-driven messaging

Practical application

When adapting a campaign for a new market, cross-reference the target country against these dimensions and adjust:

  • CTAs: Urgency vs relationship vs authority
  • Testimonials: Individual vs consensus vs expert
  • Visual elements: Lifestyle vs product, individual vs group
  • Urgency tactics: Direct urgency vs seasonal/appropriate timing
  • Trust signals: Guarantees vs certifications vs social proof

6. RTL Implementation Checklist

For Arabic (AR), Hebrew (HE), Farsi/Persian (FA), and Urdu (UR).

Text and Layout

  • Set dir="rtl" on the root container element
  • Set lang attribute to the correct language code (e.g., lang="ar")
  • Use CSS direction: rtl and text-align: right (or use logical properties: text-align: start)
  • Replace margin-left/padding-right with logical properties: margin-inline-start/padding-inline-end
  • Test that text wraps correctly in RTL mode
  • Verify that bidirectional text (RTL with embedded LTR like English brand names) renders correctly using Unicode BiDi algorithm

Numbers and Data

  • Numbers remain LTR within RTL text (this is automatic in most browsers)
  • Phone numbers display in correct reading order
  • Currency symbols position correctly (e.g., SAR amounts: "100 ر.س" with symbol on the left in RTL)
  • Date formats match locale (Arabic: DD/MM/YYYY, Hebrew: DD.MM.YYYY)
  • Percentage signs position correctly

Visual Elements

  • Navigation menus flip to right-to-left order
  • Breadcrumbs read right-to-left with reversed separators
  • Progress bars and timelines reverse direction
  • Directional icons (arrows, chevrons) mirror horizontally
  • Non-directional icons (search, settings) do NOT mirror
  • Checkmarks and universal symbols do NOT mirror
  • Image compositions that imply direction (person looking forward, hand pointing) are evaluated for mirroring

Forms and Inputs

  • Form labels align to the right
  • Input fields align text to the right
  • Validation messages appear on the correct side
  • Submit/action buttons move to the left side (start position in RTL)
  • Dropdown menus open in the correct direction

Email Templates

  • HTML email uses dir="rtl" on the outer table
  • Table-based layouts reverse column order
  • Preheader text reads correctly in RTL email clients
  • Test in Outlook (Windows), Apple Mail, Gmail (web and mobile), Yahoo Mail

Social Media

  • Twitter/X: Supports RTL natively; test thread readability
  • Facebook/Instagram: RTL text in captions renders correctly; test carousel direction
  • LinkedIn: RTL article content may need manual formatting checks
  • Platform-specific character limits may differ when mixing RTL and LTR scripts

7. Indic Language Marketing Guide

Covers Hindi (HI), Tamil (TA), Telugu (TE), Bengali (BN), Marathi (MR), Gujarati (GU), Kannada (KN), Malayalam (ML), and Punjabi (PA).

Script Rendering

Each Indic language uses a distinct script. Ensure:

  • Fonts support the target script (Noto Sans is a safe cross-script family)
  • Complex conjunct characters (ligatures) render correctly on all devices
  • Line-breaking algorithms handle Indic scripts properly (some scripts have different word-boundary rules)
  • Font sizes may need to be larger than Latin equivalents for readability (Devanagari, Tamil, and Malayalam typically need 10-15% larger sizes)

Transliteration Strategy

Use transliteration (writing Indic words in Latin script) for:

  • Brand names that should remain recognizable: "BrandName" not "ब्रांडनेम"
  • Technical terms without established Indic equivalents
  • URLs, email addresses, and code snippets
  • Hashtags (Latin script hashtags have broader reach)

Use native script for:

  • Body copy and main messaging
  • CTAs and buttons (native script builds trust with non-English audiences)
  • Legal and compliance text
  • Cultural and emotional content

Code-Switching (Hinglish and Mixed-Language Marketing)

Hindi-English code-switching (Hinglish) is the dominant communication style for urban Indian audiences aged 18-45. For many campaigns targeting Indian metros, Hinglish outperforms both pure Hindi and pure English.

Examples:

  • Pure English: "Get 50% off on your first order"
  • Pure Hindi: "अपने पहले ऑर्डर पर 50% की छूट पाएं"
  • Hinglish: "Apne pehle order pe 50% off pao!" (often most effective for urban audiences)

Guidelines:

  • Match code-switching level to audience: Metro urban (heavy Hinglish) vs Tier 2-3 cities (more Hindi) vs rural (pure regional language)
  • Keep brand names and technical terms in English
  • Use Devanagari script for Hindi-heavy Hinglish, Latin script for English-heavy Hinglish
  • Test both approaches with /digital-marketing-pro:prompt-test

Regional Festival Calendar (Campaign Timing)

PeriodFestivalPrimary RegionsMarketing Opportunity
Jan 14-15Makar Sankranti / PongalPan-India / Tamil NaduNew beginnings, harvest themes
Mar-AprHoliNorth and West IndiaColor, joy, playfulness campaigns
Apr 14Baisakhi / Tamil New YearPunjab / Tamil NaduNew year offers, fresh starts
Aug-SepOnamKeralaHarvest, prosperity, homecoming
Aug-SepGanesh ChaturthiMaharashtra, KarnatakaCommunity, celebration
Sep-OctNavratri / Durga PujaGujarat, West BengalMulti-day campaign arcs
Oct-NovDiwaliPan-IndiaBiggest commercial event: gifts, electronics, fashion, home
NovChhath PujaBihar, Jharkhand, UPFamily, tradition
JanPongal (Tamil) / Lohri (Punjabi)RegionalHarvest, gratitude

Sarvam AI Capabilities by Language

Sarvam AI provides purpose-built models for Indic languages with:

  • Native text generation (not just translation from English)
  • Speech-to-text and text-to-speech for voice campaigns
  • Transliteration support
  • Cultural context awareness in translations
  • Support for all 22 scheduled languages of India

Best results: Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Bengali, Marathi. Good results: Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Punjabi. Expanding: Odia, Assamese, Urdu.

Social Media Platform Preferences

Language/RegionPrimary PlatformsNotes
Hindi (urban)WhatsApp, Instagram, YouTubeShort-form video dominates
Hindi (semi-urban/rural)WhatsApp, YouTube, ShareChatShareChat is Hindi-first
TamilWhatsApp, YouTube, InstagramStrong regional content ecosystem
TeluguWhatsApp, YouTube, InstagramYouTube consumption extremely high
BengaliWhatsApp, Facebook, YouTubeFacebook still strong in Bengal
MarathiWhatsApp, Instagram, ShareChatRegional pride in Marathi content

Payment and E-commerce Localization

  • UPI is the dominant digital payment method; display UPI as a primary option
  • Cash on Delivery (COD) remains important in Tier 2-3 cities and for first-time online buyers
  • Display prices in INR with proper formatting: ₹1,00,000 (Indian numbering: lakhs and crores, not millions)
  • EMI (equated monthly installment) options significantly boost conversion for high-value purchases
  • Include local payment wallets: Paytm, PhonePe, Google Pay

8. CJK Considerations

Japanese (JA)

Writing system: Japanese uses three scripts simultaneously: Kanji (Chinese characters), Hiragana (native syllabary), and Katakana (used for foreign words, emphasis, onomatopoeia). Marketing copy must use the correct mix.

  • Katakana for foreign brand names and loanwords: マーケティング (marketing), ブランド (brand)
  • Kanji + Hiragana for native Japanese phrasing
  • Character limits differ from word limits: A 280-character tweet holds roughly 140 words of meaning in Japanese vs 40-50 in English

Honorific levels (Keigo): Japanese has three formality levels that fundamentally change sentence structure:

  • Teineigo (丁寧語): Polite — standard for B2C marketing
  • Sonkeigo (尊敬語): Respectful — for referring to the customer's actions
  • Kenjougo (謙譲語): Humble — for referring to your company's actions
  • Getting keigo wrong is a serious brand credibility issue. Always have a native speaker review.

Seasonal references: Japanese marketing is deeply tied to seasons (四季). Spring (sakura themes, new beginnings), Summer (festivals, refreshment), Autumn (harvest, warmth), Winter (year-end, gratitude). Campaigns that ignore seasonal context feel tone-deaf.

Optimization: Google Japan dominates search. Yahoo! Japan (powered by Google) has a separate display ad network. LINE is the dominant messaging platform (not WhatsApp or Facebook Messenger).

Korean (KO)

Hangul typography: Korean uses the Hangul alphabet with syllable blocks. Ensure:

  • Font supports all Hangul syllable combinations (11,172 possible blocks)
  • Line height accommodates taller character blocks
  • Mixed Hangul-Latin text has consistent baseline alignment

Politeness levels: Korean has seven speech levels. Marketing typically uses:

  • Hapsyo-che (합쇼체): Formal polite — corporate, luxury, B2B
  • Haeyo-che (해요체): Informal polite — most B2C marketing, friendly but respectful
  • Hae-che (해체): Casual — youth brands, social media, peer-level tone
  • Mixing levels within a campaign is a serious tone error.

Platform optimization: Naver dominates search (not Google). Kakao dominates messaging and commerce. Coupang dominates e-commerce. Optimize for these platforms first, Google second.

Cultural notes: Age hierarchy matters in testimonials (older endorsers carry authority). K-beauty and K-pop references resonate broadly but must feel authentic. "Made in Korea" is a strong trust signal in beauty and technology.

Chinese (ZH)

Simplified vs Traditional:

  • Simplified Chinese (ZH-CN): Mainland China, Singapore, Malaysia
  • Traditional Chinese (ZH-TW): Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau
  • These are NOT just font variants. Vocabulary, idioms, and cultural references differ significantly. Content for Taiwan should not be Simplified Chinese with Traditional characters swapped in.

Character counting: Chinese uses characters, not words. One Chinese character typically conveys the meaning of 1-2 English words. A 500-word English article might translate to 800-1200 Chinese characters. Platform character limits must be recalculated.

Platform ecosystem:

  • Search: Baidu (mainland), Google (TW/HK)
  • Social: WeChat (dominant super-app), Weibo (microblogging), Xiaohongshu/RED (lifestyle/commerce), Douyin (TikTok's Chinese version)
  • E-commerce: Taobao, Tmall, JD.com, Pinduoduo
  • Each platform has unique content formats, character limits, and advertising systems

Baidu SEO: Different ranking factors than Google. Prioritizes: .cn domains, ICP filing (required for mainland hosting), Baidu Webmaster Tools verification, Baidu-specific structured data, Chinese-language backlinks.

Regulatory: Advertising Law of the PRC prohibits superlatives ("best", "most", "first", "number one") unless substantiated by a third-party authority. This affects all marketing copy for mainland China.


9. Brand Glossary Management

A brand glossary ensures that key terms are translated consistently across all languages and all campaigns.

Do-Not-Translate List

Store in the brand profile:

language:
  do_not_translate:
    - "BrandName"
    - "ProductX"
    - "ProSuite"
    - "SmartDash"
    - "AI-Powered"    # keep English in all markets where appropriate

The language-router.py script wraps these terms in placeholder tokens before sending text to translation APIs, then restores them afterward. This prevents translation engines from translating brand names or product names.

Approved Translations

For terms that should be translated but must use a specific approved translation:

language:
  glossary:
    "customer success":
      de: "Kundenerfolg"
      fr: "succès client"
      ja: "カスタマーサクセス"    # katakana loanword preferred over translation
      hi: "ग्राहक सफलता"
    "dashboard":
      de: "Dashboard"           # keep English loanword
      fr: "tableau de bord"
      ja: "ダッシュボード"
      hi: "डैशबोर्ड"            # transliteration preferred

Glossary Maintenance

  • Review glossary quarterly or when entering new markets
  • When a new product or feature launches, add terms to the glossary before translation begins
  • The /digital-marketing-pro:multilingual-score command checks glossary adherence and flags inconsistencies
  • Export glossary in TBX format for use with external translation tools

10. Multilingual SEO Execution

Localized Keyword Research

Never just translate keywords. The same concept may be searched with completely different terms in different languages.

Process:

  1. Start with seed keywords in the source language
  2. Translate seeds as a starting point
  3. Use local keyword research tools to discover what people actually search:
    • Google Keyword Planner (set to target country)
    • Baidu Keyword Planner (for ZH-CN)
    • Naver Keyword Tool (for KO)
    • Yandex Wordstat (for RU)
  4. Analyze local competitor rankings for target terms
  5. Check search volume and competition in the target market (not just translated terms)
  6. Build a per-language keyword map

Example: "affordable CRM software"

  • DE: "CRM Software kostenlos" (free) or "günstiges CRM" (affordable) — different search intent
  • JP: "CRM ツール 比較" (CRM tool comparison) — comparison intent dominates
  • FR: "logiciel CRM gratuit" (free CRM software) — "gratuit" is a stronger search trigger than "abordable"

hreflang Implementation

Every multilingual page must have hreflang tags linking all language variants:

<link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-US" href="https://example.com/en-us/page" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-DE" href="https://example.com/de-de/seite" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="https://example.com/ja/page" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://example.com/en-us/page" />

Rules:

  • x-default points to the fallback page (usually en-US or a language-selector page)
  • Use language-region codes where relevant (en-US vs en-GB, zh-CN vs zh-TW, pt-BR vs pt-PT)
  • hreflang must be reciprocal: if page A references page B, page B must reference page A
  • Use /digital-marketing-pro:hreflang-check to audit implementation and detect orphaned or broken references

International Sitemaps

  • Create per-language sitemaps: sitemap-en.xml, sitemap-de.xml, sitemap-ja.xml
  • Or use a single sitemap with xhtml:link alternates per URL
  • Set geo-targeting in Google Search Console for country-specific subdomains or subdirectories
  • Submit sitemaps to local search engines: Baidu Webmaster Tools, Yandex Webmaster, Naver Search Advisor

Search Engine-Specific Optimization

EngineMarketKey Differences
GoogleGlobal defaultStandard SEO best practices
BaiduChina (mainland)Requires ICP filing, .cn domain preferred, meta keywords still used, slower to index JS-rendered content
YandexRussia, CISBehavioral factors heavily weighted, regional ranking varies by city, Yandex.Metrica integration helps
NaverSouth KoreaBlog content ranks in dedicated blog section, Naver Cafe (community) content ranks, Naver Smart Store for e-commerce

11. Quality Assurance for Translations

Reviewer Checklist

For every translated piece before publication:

  • Meaning accuracy: Does the translation convey the same meaning as the source?
  • Cultural appropriateness: Are there any cultural missteps, insensitive references, or inappropriate imagery?
  • Brand voice: Does the translation match the brand's established voice in this language?
  • Formatting: Are dates, numbers, currencies, and measurements in the correct local format?
  • Placeholders: Are all dynamic variables (names, numbers, URLs) intact and correctly positioned?
  • Completeness: Is any content missing or truncated?
  • Compliance: Are legal disclaimers, privacy notices, and regulatory text present and accurate?
  • Technical: Do links work? Are character limits respected? Does it render correctly?

Common Machine Translation Errors

Error TypeExampleLanguages Most Affected
Gender agreement"Your account is ready. She is active."FR, DE, ES, IT, AR, HI
Formality mismatchUsing informal "tu" instead of formal "vous"FR, DE, ES, PT, KO, JA
False friends"actually" translated as "actualmente" (currently) in ESAll Romance languages
Idiom literalization"break a leg" translated literallyAll languages
Word orderSVO source forced onto SOV targetJA, KO, HI, DE (verb-final clauses)
Honorific errorsWrong keigo level in JapaneseJA, KO
Classifier omissionMissing measure words in ChineseZH, JA, KO, TH
Compound splittingGerman compounds incorrectly broken into separate wordsDE

Post-Editing Guidelines

Light Post-Edit (PE): Fix only errors that block comprehension or damage brand.

  • Fix: Factual errors, offensive content, broken formatting, missing translations
  • Leave: Awkward but understandable phrasing, stylistic imperfections
  • Use for: Internal comms, knowledge base, low-visibility content
  • Speed: 5,000-8,000 words/hour

Full Post-Edit (PE): Fix all errors to achieve publication quality.

  • Fix: Everything in light PE plus fluency, style, brand voice, cultural fit
  • The output should be indistinguishable from human-written content
  • Use for: Marketing emails, blog posts, social media, product pages
  • Speed: 1,500-3,000 words/hour

12. Budget Optimization

Translation Approach Decision Matrix

ApproachCost per WordQualityTurnaroundUse For
MT only$0.00-0.02FunctionalMinutesInternal comms, drafts, low-visibility content, gisting
MT + Light PE$0.03-0.06GoodHoursProduct descriptions, FAQ, support articles, knowledge base
MT + Full PE$0.06-0.10High1-2 daysMarketing emails, blog posts, social content, product pages
Transcreation$0.15-0.30Premium3-5 daysSlogans, CTAs, headlines, emotional campaigns, brand voice
Human translation$0.10-0.20High2-4 daysLegal, compliance, regulated content, contracts

Cost-Saving Strategies

  1. Tier your content: Not everything needs transcreation. Classify content by visibility and emotional weight, then assign the appropriate approach.
  2. Invest in glossaries: Upfront glossary creation saves money on every subsequent translation by reducing reviewer corrections.
  3. Reuse Translation Memory: Lara Translate's TM means repeated or similar content gets cheaper over time. Prioritize consistency to maximize TM leverage.
  4. Batch translations: Sending content in batches rather than one-off requests reduces per-unit cost across all services.
  5. Source content quality: Spend time making source content clear and translatable. Ambiguous source text causes expensive corrections downstream.
  6. Automate quality scoring: Use /digital-marketing-pro:multilingual-score to catch issues before human review, reducing reviewer time.

ROI Tracking

Track per-language:

  • Translation spend per content piece
  • Performance metrics (CTR, conversion, engagement) per language
  • Cost per conversion by language
  • Compare MT-only vs MT+PE vs transcreation performance for similar content types
  • Feed results back into the decision matrix to optimize spend allocation

Supporting file: skills/context-engine/transcreation-framework.md

Transcreation Framework

Comprehensive framework for transcreating marketing content across languages and cultures. Transcreation goes beyond translation — it recreates the emotional impact and commercial intent of content for a new audience, even if the words are entirely different.


1. Transcreation vs Translation vs Localization Decision Matrix

AspectTranslationLocalizationTranscreation
GoalAccurate meaning transferCultural adaptationEmotional recreation
What changesLanguage onlyLanguage + formats + cultural referencesMay completely rewrite the content
FidelityHigh fidelity to source wordsHigh fidelity to source meaningHigh fidelity to source intent and emotion
When to useTechnical, factual, legal contentGeneral marketing, product contentEmotional, creative, brand voice content
CostLow ($0.06-0.10/word with PE)Medium ($0.08-0.15/word)High ($0.15-0.30/word)
TurnaroundHours to 1-2 days1-3 days3-5 days
Who does itTranslator + post-editorTranslator + cultural consultantCopywriter in target language
ExamplesProduct specs, legal terms, data sheetsWebsite pages, emails, help articlesSlogans, CTAs, headlines, ad campaigns

Decision Criteria

Ask these three questions about each piece of content:

  1. Is it factual or emotional? Factual content (specs, legal, data) gets translated. Emotional content (slogans, campaigns) gets transcreated.

  2. Does it reference cultural elements? If it mentions holidays, cultural norms, humor, or local customs, it needs at minimum localization. If those cultural elements ARE the message (humor-driven ad, culturally-specific metaphor), it needs transcreation.

  3. Does it rely on wordplay, rhythm, or sound? Any content where the impact depends on how it sounds in the source language (rhymes, puns, alliteration, double meanings) must be transcreated because the linguistic mechanics cannot transfer.

Rule of thumb: If changing the words would destroy the value, translate. If changing the cultural frame would destroy the value, localize. If changing the feeling would destroy the value, transcreate.


2. Transcreation Brief Template

Every piece of content requiring transcreation needs a brief. This brief is the single most important document in the transcreation process — it tells the target-language copywriter what to achieve without constraining how they achieve it.

## Transcreation Brief

### Source Content
[The original text exactly as written]

### Intent
[What is this content trying to DO? Inform, persuade, excite, reassure, create urgency, build trust, entertain, inspire?]

### Emotional Goal
[How should the reader FEEL after reading this? Confident, curious, urgent, inspired, amused, reassured, excited, empowered?]

### Key Message
[The ONE core idea that MUST survive transcreation, even if every word changes. Express this as a concept, not as text.]

### Cultural Context
[Why does this content work in the source culture? What assumptions, references, or cultural knowledge does it rely on?]

### Target Audience
- Demographics: [Age, gender, income, education, location]
- Psychographics: [Values, interests, lifestyle, media consumption]
- Cultural references they understand: [Pop culture, local humor, shared experiences]
- Their relationship with the brand: [New, familiar, loyal]

### Brand Voice in Target Market
[How does the brand sound in this specific market? This may differ from the source market brand voice. A brand that sounds "bold and irreverent" in the US might sound "confident and innovative" in Japan.]

### Constraints
- Character/word limits: [Platform-specific limits]
- Legal/compliance: [Required disclaimers, prohibited claims]
- Visual context: [What appears alongside this text — image, video, layout]
- Format: [Headline, body copy, CTA, social post, email subject line]

### Do-Not-Translate Terms
[Brand names, product names, technical terms that must remain in the source language or use an approved translation from the glossary]

### Reference Materials
[Links to brand guidelines, previous transcreations in this language, competitor examples in this market]

3. Cultural Adaptation Dimensions with Regional Examples

Humor

CultureHumor StyleMarketing Application
USSarcasm, self-deprecation, absurdist, pop culture referencesHumor-driven social media, irreverent brand voices work well
UKUnderstatement, irony, dry wit, self-deprecatingSubtle humor lands better than loud comedy; cleverness valued
GermanyPrecision-based, factual humor, SchadenfreudeHumor is appreciated but must not undermine credibility; wordplay works
JapanVisual gags, kawaii, situational humor, manzai (double-act comedy)Cute and visual humor translates to marketing; avoid sarcasm entirely
BrazilWarmth, playfulness, double meanings, self-aware humorBrazilian audiences love humor; warmth and irreverence both work
IndiaFamily situations, Bollywood references, jugaad (creative improvisation)Family-centered humor is universal; regional references vary dramatically
South KoreaAegyo (cute), self-deprecating relatable content, meme cultureRelatability and cuteness drive engagement; formal humor for premium brands
FranceIntellectual wit, wordplay, sophisticationHumor should feel clever, not obvious; never dumb-down

Social Proof

CulturePrimary Trust SignalExample
USIndividual testimonials, star ratings, "as seen on""Sarah from Austin saved $2,000 in her first month"
JapanConsensus, popularity, TV appearances, long history"Chosen by 3 million families. Established 1952."
GermanyExpert certification, test results, TUV/Stiftung Warentest"Rated 'Very Good' by Stiftung Warentest 2025"
IndiaCelebrity endorsement, family approval, certifications"Recommended by Dr. Sharma. Trusted by 50 lakh families."
South KoreaPeer group adoption, beauty/lifestyle influencers"The serum Korean dermatologists use themselves"
BrazilReclame Aqui rating, influencer recommendations, community"Rated 'Great' on Reclame Aqui. Join 2 million happy customers."
Middle EastAuthority endorsement, family values, religious appropriateness"Halal certified. Trusted by families across the region."

Urgency Tactics

CultureApproachExample
US/UKDirect urgency, countdown timers, scarcity"Only 3 left! Sale ends tonight!"
JapanSeasonal appropriateness, harmony with timing"A spring gift for yourself. Available while the cherry blossoms last."
GermanyLogical urgency, practical reasons to act"Early registration ensures your preferred date. Spaces are limited."
FranceElegance, discovery, invitation"Discover our new collection. For those who appreciate the exceptional."
IndiaFestival timing, family value, savings emphasis"Diwali Dhamaka! Up to 70% off. Gift your family the best."
BrazilCommunity excitement, FOMO through community"Thousands are already enjoying it. Don't be the last to discover!"

Trust Signals

CulturePrimary Trust Mechanism
USMoney-back guarantee, BBB rating, free trial
GermanyTUV certification, Stiftung Warentest, DIN standards, Trusted Shops seal
JapanCompany longevity ("since 1887"), TV media appearances, meticulous detail
IndiaISO certification, government approval, celebrity endorsement, family brand
South KoreaAwards, dermatologist-tested (for beauty), Korean-made
BrazilReclame Aqui score, Procon compliance, influencer trust

Color Psychology Variations

ColorUS/WesternChinaJapanIndiaMiddle East
RedExcitement, sale, urgencyLuck, prosperity, celebrationEnergy, vitality, warningAuspicious, bridal, fertilityDanger, caution
WhitePurity, clean, minimalMourning, deathMourning, purity (context-dependent)Mourning, peacePurity, peace
GreenNature, money, goFertility, health, harmonyYouth, energy, natureIslam (respectful use), fertilityIslam, paradise, prosperity
YellowHappiness, caution, valueRoyalty, nourishmentCourage, nobilityCommerce, springHappiness, prosperity
BlackLuxury, sophistication, deathAuthority, stabilityFormality, mysteryEvil, negativity, rebellionMourning, mystery
BlueTrust, corporate, calmImmortality, healingTrust, everydayStrength, bravery (Krishna)Safety, heaven, spirituality

4. Common Pitfalls

Linguistic Pitfalls

  • Literal idiom translation: "It's raining cats and dogs" becomes meaningless or absurd in most languages. Every idiom must be replaced with a culturally equivalent expression or rewritten.
  • False friends: Words that look similar across languages but mean different things. "Gift" means poison in German. "Actual" means current in Spanish. "Preservative" means condom in French.
  • Tone/register mismatch: Using informal language in a formal market or vice versa. Japanese marketing in the wrong keigo level damages brand credibility. French copy using "tu" when "vous" is expected feels disrespectful.
  • Gendered language: Many languages have grammatical gender that affects adjectives, articles, and verb forms. "Your account is ready" may need different translations depending on whether the user is male or female — or the copy must be restructured to avoid the issue.

Cultural Pitfalls

  • Hand gestures and body language in imagery: Thumbs-up is offensive in parts of the Middle East. OK sign is vulgar in Brazil. Pointing with one finger is rude in many Asian cultures. Audit all visual assets.
  • Religious symbols and references: Cross, crescent, Om — using religious imagery in marketing is risky. Even secular references ("Christmas sale") may exclude or offend in multi-faith markets.
  • Calendar assumptions: Not all markets follow the Gregorian calendar for business (Islamic calendar, Chinese lunisolar calendar). Fiscal years differ. Work weeks differ (Sunday-Thursday in much of the Middle East).
  • Food and dietary references: Pork references inappropriate in Muslim and Jewish markets. Beef references sensitive in Hindu markets. Alcohol references prohibited in many markets.

Formatting Pitfalls

  • Number formatting: 1,000.00 (US/UK) vs 1.000,00 (DE/FR/BR) vs 1 000,00 (FR sometimes) vs 1,000.00 (JP). Get this wrong in pricing and you have a serious problem.
  • Name ordering: First-Last (Western) vs Last-First (JP, KR, CN, HU). Form fields, greetings, and personalization must adapt.
  • Address formatting: Varies wildly. Japan goes from large to small (postal code, prefecture, city, ward, block, building, name). US goes small to large (name, street, city, state, zip).
  • Measurement units: Imperial (US) vs Metric (nearly everyone else). Always convert. Don't assume.
  • Paper sizes: A4 (international) vs Letter (US/CA). Affects PDF layouts, print collateral.

5. CTA Transcreation Guide

CTAs are one of the highest-impact areas for transcreation. A direct translation of "Buy Now" can feel aggressive, weak, or culturally inappropriate depending on the market.

By Cultural Approach

Direct urgency (US, UK, AU)

  • "Get Started Now"
  • "Don't Miss Out"
  • "Limited Time Offer"
  • "Claim Your Free Trial"
  • "Shop the Sale"
  • Characteristics: Action verbs, time pressure, individual benefit, imperative mood

Relationship-oriented (JP, KR)

  • "Let's begin together" (一緒に始めましょう)
  • "Join our community"
  • "We're here when you're ready" (ご準備ができましたら)
  • "Learn more at your pace"
  • Characteristics: Inclusive language, no pressure, respect for the reader's autonomy, polite forms

Authority-driven (DE, AT, CH)

  • "Expert-recommended solution" (Von Experten empfohlen)
  • "Certified and tested" (Zertifiziert und geprüft)
  • "Proven by [authority]"
  • "Request your consultation" (Beratung anfordern)
  • Characteristics: Credibility, evidence, formal tone, factual claims

Value-centered (IN, SEA)

  • "Best value for your family"
  • "Smart choice for smart shoppers"
  • "Save more today"
  • "Special family offer"
  • Characteristics: Savings emphasis, family benefit, practical value, inclusive

Elegance-focused (FR, IT)

  • "Discover" (Decouvrez)
  • "Experience the difference" (Vivez la difference)
  • "Elevate your routine"
  • "Explore our collection"
  • Characteristics: Sophistication, invitation, sensory language, no hard sell

Community-driven (BR, LATAM)

  • "Join thousands who already..."
  • "Recommended by friends like you"
  • "For you and your loved ones"
  • "Be part of something special"
  • Characteristics: Social proof, warmth, community belonging, personal connection

CTA Length Considerations

Different languages have different natural CTA lengths:

  • English: 2-5 words ("Get Started Free")
  • German: 3-6 words, often longer due to compound words ("Jetzt kostenlos starten")
  • Japanese: 5-15 characters, sometimes shorter in meaning ("今すぐ始める")
  • Arabic: May be longer due to verb conjugation patterns; RTL button width must accommodate

Always design button and CTA containers with flexible widths when building multilingual templates.


6. Headline and Slogan Transcreation: 5-Step Process

Step 1: Deconstruct the Original

Break down the source content into its component parts:

  • Literal meaning: What do the words say?
  • Emotional meaning: What do the words make you feel?
  • Wordplay: Is there a pun, double meaning, rhyme, alliteration, or rhythm?
  • Cultural reference: Does it reference something specific to the source culture?
  • Brand connection: How does it connect to the brand's identity and positioning?

Example — "Think Different" (Apple):

  • Literal: Consider unconventional ideas
  • Emotional: Empowerment, rebellion, creativity, confidence
  • Wordplay: Grammatically unexpected ("different" as adverb), creates pause
  • Cultural reference: Counterculture, Silicon Valley innovation ethos
  • Brand connection: Apple as the choice of creative nonconformists

Step 2: Create the Brief

Document what the transcreation must achieve (not what it must say). Use the Transcreation Brief Template from Section 2. The brief for "Think Different" might say:

  • Intent: Position the brand as the choice of creative, independent thinkers
  • Emotional goal: Empowerment, confidence in being unconventional
  • Key message: Using this brand means you see the world differently (and that's a good thing)
  • Constraints: Must be 2-4 words, work as a visual tagline, pair with portrait imagery

Step 3: Create 3-5 Options in the Target Language

The copywriter creates original options in the target language. These are NOT translations — they are new creative executions that achieve the brief's goals.

Example for Japanese:

  1. "異なる考え方" (A different way of thinking) — direct, minimal
  2. "常識を超えろ" (Surpass common sense) — imperative, bold
  3. "自分らしく考える" (Think in your own way) — personal, empowering
  4. "型にはまるな" (Don't fit the mold) — rebellious, colloquial

Step 4: Evaluate Each Option

Score each option against these criteria:

CriterionWeightOption 1Option 2Option 3Option 4
Intent preservation30%Does it position the brand for creative thinkers?
Cultural resonance25%Does it feel natural in the target culture?
Brand voice20%Does it sound like the brand in this market?
Creativity15%Is it memorable and well-crafted?
Constraint compliance10%Does it meet length and format requirements?

Step 5: Test and Validate

  • Use /digital-marketing-pro:multilingual-score to get automated quality scoring
  • Use /digital-marketing-pro:prompt-test to A/B test variants with audience descriptions
  • Have a native speaker from the target market review the shortlisted option
  • Test in context (mockup with actual layout, imagery, and surrounding content)

Real-World Before/After Examples

Nike "Just Do It"

  • China: "用运动征服一切" (Conquer everything through sport) — shifted from individual willpower to achievement through action, resonating with collectivist achievement values
  • Japan: "ただやれ" was NOT used (too blunt). Campaigns use longer aspirational copy instead.
  • Germany: "Just Do It" kept in English — the English phrase carries aspirational, international cachet

McDonald's "I'm Lovin' It"

  • China: "我就喜欢" (I just like it) — simplified the emotion to a natural Chinese expression of casual preference
  • Germany: "Ich liebe es" (I love it) — direct translation worked because the sentiment is universal and the melody carried
  • Japan: Used the English tagline with Japanese pronunciation, leveraging Western brand appeal

De Beers "A Diamond Is Forever"

  • China: "钻石恒久远,一颗永流传" (A diamond lasts forever, one piece passed on eternally) — added the concept of generational legacy, deeply resonant in Chinese culture
  • Japan: "ダイヤモンドは永遠の輝き" (A diamond is an eternal sparkle) — shifted from permanence to beauty, aligning with aesthetic values

7. Humor in Translation

What Transfers Across Languages

  • Visual humor: Sight gags, unexpected visuals, visual metaphors — these work across cultures because they don't depend on language
  • Universal situations: Spilling coffee, alarm clocks, Monday mornings, pets being mischievous — shared human experiences that need minimal adaptation
  • Exaggeration of common experiences: "That feeling when..." content often transfers because the underlying situation is universal
  • Physical comedy references: Slapstick-style humor described in text can often be translated directly

What Does NOT Transfer

  • Puns and wordplay: By definition, puns depend on the mechanics of a specific language. They must be replaced with equivalent wordplay in the target language or replaced with a different humor mechanism entirely.
  • Sarcasm: Sarcasm is beloved in US/UK/AU marketing but confuses or offends in many Asian and Middle Eastern markets. Japanese, Korean, and Chinese audiences may interpret sarcastic statements literally.
  • Pop culture references: A reference to a TV show, movie, or celebrity that's unknown in the target market falls completely flat. Replace with a locally relevant reference that serves the same function.
  • Slang and colloquialisms: "That's fire" or "no cap" are generation-specific, language-specific, and often untranslatable. Use target-language slang that conveys the same energy.
  • Double entendres: Sexual or suggestive wordplay has vastly different acceptability across cultures. What's playfully edgy in Brazil may be offensive in Saudi Arabia or simply confusing in Japan.

Decision Framework for Humor Transfer

Is the humor based on language mechanics (pun, wordplay, rhyme)?
  YES → Must be fully transcreated. Create new humor in target language.
  NO  ↓

Is the humor based on a cultural reference (TV show, celebrity, historical event)?
  YES → Replace with equivalent local reference that serves the same function.
  NO  ↓

Is the humor based on a universal situation or visual?
  YES → Likely translatable with minor adaptation. Test with native speaker.
  NO  ↓

Is the humor based on tone (sarcasm, irony, understatement)?
  YES → Check cultural compatibility. Sarcasm does NOT work in JP, KR, CN, most of SEA.
        Replace with culturally appropriate tone: warmth, cleverness, or surprise.

Safe Alternatives When Humor Doesn't Transfer

When the source humor mechanism won't work in the target culture, replace it with:

  • Warmth: A genuine, friendly tone that creates positive feeling without trying to be funny
  • Cleverness: A smart observation or unexpected connection that makes the reader feel intelligent
  • Surprise: An unexpected twist that delights without relying on language-specific humor
  • Relatability: "We've all been there" content that creates connection through shared experience
  • Charm: Light, pleasant, endearing tone that creates goodwill without explicit jokes

8. Quality Rubric for Transcreated Content

Score transcreated content across five dimensions on a 0-100 scale.

Dimension 1: Intent Preservation (30% weight)

Does the transcreated version achieve the same communication goal as the original?

ScoreCriteria
90-100Achieves the same goal with equal or greater effectiveness. A reader in the target market would take the intended action.
75-89Achieves the same goal but with slightly less impact. The core message is clear and compelling.
60-74The goal is recognizable but diluted. Some intent is lost. Needs revision.
40-59The goal is partially achieved but significant intent is missing. Re-transcreate.
0-39The goal is lost entirely. The transcreation fails to communicate the intended message. Start over.

Dimension 2: Cultural Resonance (25% weight)

Does the content feel native to the target culture?

ScoreCriteria
90-100Reads as if it was originally written for this market. Uses culturally natural references, metaphors, and rhythm.
75-89Feels natural with minor moments of unfamiliarity. A local reader would not immediately identify it as translated.
60-74Recognizably adapted from another culture. Functional but not native-feeling.
40-59Contains cultural missteps or feels foreign. Would stand out negatively to a local reader.
0-39Culturally inappropriate, offensive, or completely disconnected from the target audience's reality.

Dimension 3: Brand Voice (20% weight)

Does the transcreation maintain the brand's personality as adapted for this market?

ScoreCriteria
90-100Unmistakably the brand's voice, naturally adapted for the target market's communication norms.
75-89Recognizable as the brand, with minor voice inconsistencies.
60-74Generic marketing voice. Could be any brand. Lacks personality.
40-59Voice conflicts with brand positioning. Tone is wrong for the brand in this market.
0-39Completely off-brand. Would confuse or alienate existing customers.

Dimension 4: Creativity (15% weight)

Is the transcreation well-crafted, memorable, and engaging in the target language?

ScoreCriteria
90-100Excellent craft. Memorable, quotable, and stands on its own as creative work.
75-89Good craft. Engaging and well-written, though not exceptional.
60-74Adequate. Gets the job done but is unremarkable. Forgettable.
40-59Flat or awkward. Lacks energy or reads as placeholder copy.
0-39Poorly written. Clumsy, confusing, or amateurish in the target language.

Dimension 5: Constraint Compliance (10% weight)

Does the transcreation meet all technical and legal requirements?

ScoreCriteria
90-100All constraints met perfectly. Character limits, platform requirements, legal disclaimers, do-not-translate terms.
75-89Minor constraint issues that can be quickly fixed (e.g., 2 characters over limit).
60-74One or more constraints violated but fixable without major rewriting.
40-59Multiple constraint violations requiring significant rework.
0-39Critical constraints violated (legal compliance, brand name errors, platform incompatibility).

Scoring Thresholds

Weighted ScoreAction
85-100Approve for publication. No further review required.
70-84Send for native speaker review. Minor revisions expected.
50-69Return for revision with specific feedback on weak dimensions.
Below 50Re-transcreate from scratch. The current version is not salvageable.

Using the Rubric

  1. Score each dimension independently
  2. Apply weights: (Intent x 0.30) + (Cultural x 0.25) + (Voice x 0.20) + (Creativity x 0.15) + (Constraints x 0.10)
  3. Compare against thresholds
  4. Document scores and feedback for the transcreation team to improve over time
  5. Use /digital-marketing-pro:multilingual-score for automated pre-screening before human rubric evaluation

How do I install Localize campaign in Cursor, Claude Code, or Codex?

Run npx skills add indranilbanerjee/digital-marketing-pro --skill localize-campaign in the project where you want it, then ask your agent for the skill by name. The --skill flag installs only Localize campaign, not every skill in the repository.

Where does Localize campaign come from and what license is it under?

Localize campaign comes from the indranilbanerjee/digital-marketing-pro repository on GitHub. That repository has 190 GitHub stars. The skill is published under the MIT license.

Prefer plain text? Read the Localize campaign guide as markdown.